TSARITSYN

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 348 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TOO-TUM

TSARITSYN , a town of Russia, in the government of Saratov, situated on the right bank of the

Volga

VOLGA (known to the
Tatars
- TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)
as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

, where it suddenly turns towards the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

east

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

, 40 M. distant from the Don. Pop. (Igloo), 67,65o. Tsaritsyn is the terminus of a railway which begins at

Riga

RIGA (Esth. Ria-Lin)

and, running

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

-eastwards, intersects all the main lines which radiate from Moscow to the south. It is also connected by rail with Kalach on the Don, where merchandise from the Sea of

Azov

AZOV
AZOV, SEA OF

is disembarked. Corn from middle Russia for Astrakhan is transferred from the rail-way to boats at Tsaritsyn; timber and wooden wares from the upper

Volga

VOLGA (known to the
Tatars
- TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)
as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

are unloaded here and sent by rail to Kalach; and fish, salt and fruits sent from Astrakhan by boat up the Volga are here unloaded and despatched by rail to the interior of Russia. The town has grown rapidly since the completion of the railway system, and has a large

trade

in petroleum from Baku. Tsaritsyn is also the centre of the

trade

in the mustard of Sarepta, Dubovka and the neighbourhood. The fisheries are important. The buildings of the town includea public library, and the church of St John (end of 16th century), a fine specimen of the architecture of its period. Here are iron, machinery and brick works, tanneries, distilleries, and factories for jam, mustard and

mead

. Market gardening is an important industry.
A fort was erected here in the 16th century to prevent the incursions of the free Cossacks and runaway serfs who gathered on the lower Volga, as also the raids of the Kalmucks and Circassians. In 16o6 Tsaritsyn took part in the rising in favour of the false Demetrius, and Stenka Razin took the town in r67o. The Kalmucks and Circassians of the Kuban attacked it repeatedly in the 17th century, so that it had to be fortified by a strong earthen and palisaded

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

, traces of which are still visible.

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