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Encyclopedia Britannica



TROUGHTON, EDWARD (1753-1835)

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 311 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TOO-TUM
TROUGHTON, EDWARD (1753-1835) , English .
instrument
  maker, was born in the parish of Corney in
Cumberland
  in October 1753. He joined his elder brother John in carrying on the business of making mathematical
instruments
  in
Fleet
 
Street
 , London, and continued it alone after his brother's death, until in 1826 he took W. Simms as a partner. He died in London on the 12th of June 1835.
Troughton was very successful in improving the mechanical part of most nautical, geodetic and astronomical
instruments
 , but complete colour-blindness prevented him from attempting experiments in optics. The first modern transit circle was constructed by him in 18o6 for Stephen Groombridge; but Troughton was dissatisfied with this form of
instrument
 , which a few years afterwards was brought to
great
  perfection by G. von
Reichenbach
  and J. G.
Repsold
 , and designed the mural circle in its place. Thg first instrument of this kind erected at Greenwich in 1812, and ten or twelve others were subsequently constructed for other observatories; but they were ultimately superseded by Troughton's earlier
design
 , the transit circle, by which the two co-ordinates of an object can be determined simultaneously. He also made transit instruments, equatorials, &c.; but his failure to construct an equatorial mounting of large dimensions, and the consequent lawsuit with Sir James
South
 , embittered the last years of his life.


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