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Encyclopedia Britannica



TORSTENSSON, LENNART, COUNT (16031651)

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 64 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TOO-TUM
TORSTENSSON, LENNART, COUNT (16031651) , Swedish soldier, son of Torsten Lennartsson, commandant of Elfsborg, was born at Forstena in Vestergotland. At the age of fifteen he became one of the pages of the
young
  Gustavus Adolphus and served during the Prussian campaigns of 1628-29. In 1629 he was set over the Swedish artillery, which under his guidance materially contributed to the victories of Breitenfeld (1631) and Lech (1632). The same year he was taken prisoner at Alte Veste and shut up for nearly a year at Ingolstadt. Under Baner he rendered distinguished service at the battle of Wittstock (1636) and during the energetic defence of Pomerania in 1637-38, as well as at the battle of Chemnitz (1638) and in the raid into Bohemia in 1639. Illness compelled him to return to Sweden in 1641, when he was made a senator. The sudden death of Baner in May 1641 recalled Torstensson to Germany as generalissimo of the Swedish forces and
governor
 -general of Pomerania. He was at the same time promoted to the rank of field marshal. The period of his command (16411645) forms one of the most brilliant chapters in the military history of Sweden. In 1642 he marched through Brandenburg and Silesia into Moravia, taking all the principal fortresses on his way. On returning through Saxony he well nigh annihilated the imperialist army at the second battle of Breitenfeld (Oct. 23, 1642). In 1643 he invaded Moravia for the second time, but was suddenly recalled to invade Denmark, when his rapid and unexpected intervention paralysed the Danish defence on the land side, though Torstensson's own position in Jutland was for a time
precarious
  owing to the skilful handling of the Danish
fleet
  by Christian IV. In 1644 he led his army for the third time into the heart of Germany and routed the imperialists at Juterbog (Nov. 23). At the beginning of November 1645 he broke into Bohemia, and the brilliant victory of Jankow (Feb. 24, 1645) laid open before him the road to Vienna. Yet, though one end of the Danube bridge actually fell into his hands, his exhausted army was unable to penetrate any farther and, in December the same year, Torstensson, crippled by gout, was forced to resign his command and return to Sweden. In 1647 he was created a count. From 1648 to 1651 he ruled all the western provinces of Sweden, as
governor
 -general. On his death at Stockholm (April 7, 1651) he was buried solemnly in the Riddarholmskyrka, the Pantheon of Sweden. Torstensson was remarkable for the extraordinary and incalculable rapidity of his movements, though very frequently he had to lead the army in a litter, as his bodily infirmities would not permit him to
mount
  his horse. He was also the most scientific artillery officer and the best and most successful engineer in the Swedish army.
His son, Senator Count Anders Torstensson (16411686), was from 1674 to 1681 governor-general of Esthonia. The family became extinct on the sword-side in 1727.
See J. W. de Peyster, History of the Life of L. Torstensson (Poughkeepsie, 1855) ; J. Feil, Torstensson before Vienna (trans. by de Peyster, New
York
 , 1885) ; Gustavus III., Eulogy of Torstensson (trans. by de Peyster, New
York
 , 1872). (R. N. B.)


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