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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TOO-TUM |
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TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA (16081647) , Italian physicist and mathematician, was born at Faenza on the 15th of October 16o8. Left fatherless at an early age, he was educated under the care of his uncle, a Camaldolese monk, who in 1627 sent him to Rome to study science under the Benedictine
life
academy
barometer (q.v.) which has perpetuated his fame (" Torricellian tube " " Torricellian vacuum ") was made in 1643.The publication amongst Torricelli's Opera geometrica (Florence, 1644) of a tract
pleurisy , and died at Florence on the 25th of October 1647. He was buried in San Lorenzo, and a commemorative statue of him erected at Faenza in 1864.Among the new truths detected by him was the valuable mechanical principle that if any number of bodies be so connected that, by their motion, their centre of gravity can neither ascend nor descend, then those bodies are in equilibrium . He also discovered the remarkable fact that the parabolas described (in a vacuum) by indefinitely numerous projectiles discharged from the same point with equal velocities, but in all directions have a paraboloid of revolution for their envelope. His theorem that a fluid issues from a small orifice with the same velocity (friction and atmospheric resistance being neglected) which it would have acquired in falling through the depth from its surface is of fundamental importance in hydraulics. He greatly improved both the telescope and microscope. Several large object lenses, engraven with his name, are preserved at Florence. He used and developed B. Cavalieri's method of indivisibles.A selection from Torricelli's manuscripts was published by Tommaso Bonaventura in 1715, with the title Lezioni accademiche (Florence). They include an address of acknowledgment on his admission to the Accademia della Crusca. His essay on the inundations of the Val di Chiana was printed in Raccolta d'autori the trattano del moto dell' acque, iv. 115 (Florence, 1768), and amongst Opusculi idraulici, iii. 347 (Bologna, 1822). For his life
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