TIVOLI (anc. Tibur, q.v.)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 1034 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: THE-TOO

TIVOLI (anc. Tibur, q.v.) , a town and episcopal see of the province of Rome, Italy, 18 m. E.N.E. of Rome by road and tram-way, 241 M. by rail, 76o ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 11,610 (town), 12,881 (commune). Tivoli lies on the west of the Sabine Mountains, where the river Anio issues from them, upon a lime-stone

rock

above the river. The town on one side overlooks the Campagna di Roma and Rome itself, on the other the deep gorge of the Anio, with its lofty falls, and the environs are very beautiful. The Roman remains are described under the heading of TIBUM. The Villa d'Este, begun in 1549 by Pirro Ligorio for Cardinal Ippolito d'Este the younger (the cardinal of Ferrara), has the finest example of a Renaissance

garden

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

in Italy; it was erected on a steep slope, with many terraces, and embellished with numerous fountains, fantastically decorated in stucco, which once formed the background to the splendid collection of ancient statuary formed by the cardinal, but now dispersed (see F. S. Seth, La Villa d'Este in Tivoli, Rome, 1902; T.

Ashby

ASHBY, TURNER (1824-1862)

, in Archaeologia, vol. lxi.). The villa contains damaged frescoes by the

brothers

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

Zuccari. The

of the see of
Tivoli has documents dating from the loth century relating to the landed property of the see (L. Bruzza, Regesto della chiesa di Tivoli, Rome, 1883), and the municipal archives date from 1450. The castle was erected in 1460 by Pius II. on the site of the

amphitheatre

AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

; it is now a prison. In November 1826 a flood of the Anio led to a

change

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

in its course, and threatened to carry away the town. A new channel, consisting of two parallel tunnels (the Traforo Gregoriano) 290 and 330 yds. long, was therefore made to the north-

east

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

in 18261835 by Folchi, and on emerging from these the river has a fall of 354 ft. Farther north-west are smaller falls (the cascatelle) of that portion of the river which is carried through the town and serves for industrial purposes. Five miles west are the

sulphur

SULPHUR

baths of Acque Albule, which were known to the ancients, and are now frequented by over 40,000 persons annually. The temperature of the water is 75.2 F. The falls in the river afford electric power for lighting Rome and driving its trams, as well as for driving several factories in Tivoli itself. Tivoli is also the centre of an agricultural

district

DISTRICT

, and its olive trees are especially fine.

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