TILLOTSON, JOHN (1630-1694)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 976 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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TILLOTSON, JOHN (1630-1694) , English archbishop, was the son of a Puritan

clothier

CLOTHIER

in Sowerby, Yorkshire, where he was born in October 1630. He entered as a pensioner of Clare

Hall

Cambridge

, in 1647, graduated in 165o and was made fellow of his college in 1651. In 1656 he Lecame tutor to the son of Edmond Prideaux, attorney-general to Cromwell. About 1661 he was ordained without subscription by T. Sydserf, a Scottish bishop. Tillotson was present at the Savoy Conference in 1661, and remained identified with the Presbyterians till: the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662. Shortly afterwards he became curate of Cheshunt, Herts, and in June 1663,

rector

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

of Kedington, Suffolk. He now devoted himself to an exact study of biblical and patristic writers, especially Basil and Chrysostom. The result of this reading, and of the influence of John Wilkins, master of Trinity College,

Cambridge

, was seen in the general tone of his preaching, which was

practical

PRACTICAL

rather than theological. He was a man of the world as well as a divine, and in his sermons he exhibited a tact which enabled him at once to win the ear of his audience. In 1664 he became preacher at Lincoln's Inn. The same year he married Elizabeth French, a niece of Oliver Cromwell; and he also became Tuesday lecturer at St Lawrence, Jewry. Tillotson employed his controversial weapons with some skill against atheism and popery. In 1663 he published a characteristic sermon on " The Wisdom of being Religious," and in 1666 replied to John Sergeant's Sure Footing in Christianity by a pamphlet on the " Rule of Faith." The same year he received the degree of D.D. In 167o he became prebendary and in 1672 dean of Canterbury. In 1675 he edited John Wilkins's Principles of Natural Religion, completing what was left unfinished of it, and in 1682 his Sermons. Along with Burnet, Tillotson attended Lord Russell on the

scaffold

in 1683. He afterwards enjoyed the friendship of Lady Russell, and it was partly through her that he obtained so much influence with Princess Anne, who followed his advice in regard to the settlement of the crown on William of Orange. He possessed the

special

SPECIAL

confidence of William and Mary, and was made clerk of the closet to the king in March 1689. It was chiefly through his advice that the king appointed an ecclesiastical commission for the reconciliation of the Dissenters. In August of this year he was appointed by the chapter of his cathedral to exercise the archiepiscopal jurisdiction of the province of Canterbury during the suspension of Sancroft. He was also about the same time named dean of St Paul's. Soon afterwards he was elected to succeed Sancroft; but accepted the promotion with extreme reluctance, and it was deferred from time to time, at his request, till April 1691. In 1693 he published four lectures on the Socinian controversy. His attempts to reform certain abuses of the Church, especially that of clerical non-residence, awakened much ill-will, and of this the Jacobites took advantage, pursuing him to the end of his life with insult and reproach. He died on the 22nd of November 1694.
For his manuscript sermons Tillotson's widow received 2500 guineas. Ralph Barker edited some 250 of them together with the " Rule of Faith " (1695-1704). In 1752 an edition appeared in 3 vols., with Life by

Thomas

Birch, compiled from Tillotson's

original

ORIGINAL

papers and letters. Various selections from his sermons and works have been published separately, e.g. by G. W. Weldon in 1886.

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