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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: THE-TOO |
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TICKET (O. Fr. esliquet, also estiquette, mod. etiquette, from Ger. sleeken, to stick up) , by origin a small bill stuck up for the purpose of giving notice or information, hence a small printed or written card or slip, containing a notice, order or the like, and more particularly such an one as embodies the terms under which the party issuing the ticket grants some right, privilege or licence to the party to whom it is issued; where there has been valuable consideration for such given by the holder the ticket is the method by which the parties enter into a con-tract. The most familiar of this last class of tickets is the passenger's ticket issued by railway companies, tramways or " common carriers " in general. The ticket does not usually contain the whole terms of the contract , but refers to the conditions under which it is issued, to which the holder is considered subject if sufficient notice of them is given. A ticket of admission issued for a theatre, or place of entertainment, constitutes a licence to the holder to occupy and use a seat, whether particularized or not, and such parts of the building as may be open to him. Such a licence can be revoked by the issuer, and the holder may be ejected as a trespasser, subject to his right to bring an action for damages.TICKET-OF-LEAVE, a term first invented for the " emancipists " in the days of Australian transportation (see DEPORTATION) ; in the English penal system, a document or " pass " handed to a convict who has completed the second stage of his sentence and is about to enter the third and last, that of conditional liberation or semi-freedom, in which he goes at large to earn his own livelihood as a more or less independent member of the community. The " ticket " or " licence " is the outward sign of " remission " gained by industry and blameless conduct in prison (see PRISON), and it may be forfeited for disobedience or neglect of certain conditions endorsed upon the licence. Convicts are by law required to report themselves at an appointed place within forty-eight hours after liberation and again every succeeding month at the police station nearest to their place of abode, between the hours of nine in the morning and nine in the evening. They must get their living by honest means and regular employment, and must residethat is to say, sleepat the address notified by them to the police in order that they may be found at once if required for any legal and justifiable purpose. If they ' See Warton's note in the Bathos (ed. Pope and Elwin, x. 388) where he quotes from Tickell's version and from Addison
change their address or withdraw from any known police district
reporting
district
This treatment of offenders who have already expiated their crimes has been deemed to bear heavily on any who are anxious to turn over a new leaf. To be ever subject to the watchfulness of the police must often increase the licence-holder's difficulty of leading an honest life. The struggle is known to be often severe; employers of labour are not too ready to accept the services of " gaol birds," and free workmen often resent the admission of an old convict amongst their number. Private charity has come forward to diminish or remove this hardship, and many societies have been called into existence for the purpose of assisting discharged prisoners. They are to be found in most of the principal cities of the United Kingdom. London alone has those of the Church Army, the St Giles's Christian Mission, the Salvation Army, the Catholic Aid Society and the Royal Society for the Assistance of Discharged Prisoners, which was founded in 1856 and has done a vast and meritorious work. It labours chiefly in the metropolis; it is supported by private subscriptions, but it has control also over the gratuities of the licencees who accept its aid. The prisoners on release are first examined at the society's office as to their prospects and wishes; they are given some pocket-money out of their own gratuities; and their " liberty clothing," a present from the prison, is changed for more suitable clothes. They are then placed in respectable lodging-houses until employment is obtained for them, after which the society undertakes the reporting
House
scheme for abolishing ticket-of-leave altogether, and entrusting the after-supervision of released prisoners to a central agency of semi-official character.Aid to discharged prisoners has been largely undertaken in European countries, where it is known under the name of patronage. Local societies exist in most of the capitals and chief
See Three Reports of Commons' Committee on the Operation of the Act substituting other Punishment in lieu of Transportation (1856) ; F. H. Wines, Punishment and Reformation (1895). (A. G.). End of Article: TICKET (O. Fr. esliquet, also estiquette, mod. etiquette, from Ger. sleeken, to stick up) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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