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Encyclopedia Britannica



THYMOL, C

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 905 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: THE-TOO
THYMOL, C ,oH,4O or C6H3(OH) (CH3) (C3Hr) [ 1 : 3: 6 ], a methylisopropylphenol isomeric with
carvacrol
  (q.v.), is an aromatic substance found with the hydrocarbons cymene, C1oH,4, and thymene, Clean, in oil of
thyme
  (from Thymus vulgaris) and in other essential
oils
 , e.g. Carum copticum, from which it may be extracted by shaking with potassium hydroxide, filtering and precipitating the phenol with hydrochloric acid. It can be prepared from dibrom-menthone (obtained by brominating menthone in chloroform solution) by eliminating two molecules of hydrobromic acid.
Thymol
  crystallizes in large colourless plates, which melt at 440 and boil at 230. On
distillation
  with phosphorus sulphide it gives cymene.
Thymol
  has a strong odour of
thyme
  and a pungent
taste
 , and is freely soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform or olive oil, but almost insoluble in cold water. It is a more powerful antiseptic than carbolic acid, but its insolubility prevents its being used for the same purposes. A saturated solution (1 in loon of warm water), thymol gauze and an ointment are used. Externally it is
anti
 -parasitic, and is used in certain stages of eczema and psoriasis, and the alcoholic solution has been used in ringworm; internally it has been employed as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever. Its
chief
  use is as an anthelmintic to destroy the Ankylostoma duodenale. Thymol may colour the urine green. Thymol iodide, official in the United States, is a compound of
iodine
  and thymol; it is also known as aristol or annidalin. It was introduced as a substitute for iodoform and is stated to be less toxic. Glycothymolin is a proprietary preparation, used in the treatment of catarrhal conditions of mucous membranes, while a mixture of naphthalene, camphor and thymol is sold under the name of thymolin.


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