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Encyclopedia Britannica



THOTH

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 882 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: THE-TOO
THOTH , the Greek name of the Egyptian god of letters, invention and wisdom (e.g. Thowt, Zlnviy), the mouthpiece and recorder of the gods, and arbiter of their disputes. Thoth is found on the earliest monuments symbolized by an
ibis
  (
Ibis
  aethiopica, still not uncommon in
Nubia
 ), which bird was sacred to him. In the Pyramid texts Thoth is already closel'yassociated with the Osiris myth, having aided the god by his science and knowledge of magic, and demonstrated the
justice
  of his claims in the contest with Set. Thoth presided over writing, measuring and calculation, and is prominent in the
scene
  of the weighing of the soul. He was often identified with the moon as a divider of time, and in this connexion, during the New
Empire
 , the ape first appears as his sacred animal. Thoth was identified by the Greeks with
Hermes
 , and
Hermes
  Trismegistus (q.v.) is a
late
  development of the Egyptian god. Geographically the
worship
  of Thoth in Lower
Egypt
  centred in the Hermopolite nome, contiguous to the Busirite and Mendesian nomes. This was. the
district
  anciently called ZJIwi, and the god's name Zhwty means simply him of Zhwt." But Hermopolis Magna in Upper
Egypt
 , now Eshmunain, was a city of greater political importance than Hermopolis in Lower Egypt.
See E. A. W. Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians; and specially EGYPT: Ancient, Religion. (F. Li. G.)


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