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Encyclopedia Britannica



THE EGYPTIAN

This article appears in Volume V09, Page 60 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE
THE EGYPTIAN
ALPHABET
 
=1; so conventionally transcribed since it unites two values, being sometimes y but often rr (especially at the beginning of words), and from the earliest times used in a manner corresponding to the Arabic hamza, to indicate a prosthetic vowel. Often lost.
and qq are frequently employed for y. _ '(s) ; easily lost or changes to y.
= ' (s) ; lost in Coptic. This rare
sound
 , well known - Semitic, occurs also in Berber and Cushite
languages
 .
J =b.
Q P. =f
,vww, =n.
p=r; often lost, or changes to y. r and lam distinguished in later
demotic
  and in Coptic.*
M =h distinction lost in Coptic.
=b in Coptic U~. (sh) or J (kh) correspond to it.
=h;
tee=s =Lt; generally written withCO(1') in the Old Kingdom, but *-o corresponds to kh in Coptic.
f _s distinction lost at the end of the Old Kingdom. t,
(sh).
A =q; Coptic K.
'=a =k] Coptic K ;or 6'',x , according to dialect.
7v =g j- Coptic K ; or 6.
e =t; often lost at the end of words.
=t (0) ; often changes to t, otherwise Coptic T ; or Y.', 6. e1=d; in Coptic reduced to t.
=d (z) ; often changes to d, Coptic 7 ; otherwise in Coptic Z.
ROOTS
Egyptian roots consist of consonants and semi-consonants only, the
inflexion
  being effected by
internal
  vowel-
change
  and the addition of consonants or vowels at the beginning or end. The Egyptian
system
  of writing, as opposed to the Coptic, showed only the consonantal skeletons of words: it could not
record
 
internal
  vowel-changes; and semi-consonants, even when radicals, were often omitted in writing.


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