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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE |
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TETRAHEDRAL CLASS (Tetrahedral-hemihedral; Hexakis-tetrahedral). In this class there is no centre of symmetry nor cubic planes of symmetry; the three tetrad axes become dyad axes of symmetry, and the four triad axes are polar, i.e. they are associated with different faces at their two ends. The other elements of symmetry (&x dodecahedral planes and six dyad axes) are the same as in the last class. Of the seven simple forms, the cube
For instance, the cube
Tetrahedron (fig. 26). This is bounded by four equilateral triangles and is identical with the regular tetrahedron of geometry. The angles between the normals to the faces are 109 28'. It may be derived from the octahedron
Deltoid 1 dodecahedron (fig. 27). This is the hemihedral form of the triakis- octahedron
l From the Greek letter
Triakis-tetrahedron (fig. 28). The hemihedral form lhkklof the icositetrahedron; it is bounded by twelve isosceles triangles arranged in threes over the tetrahedron faces. Hexakis-tetrahedron (fig. 29). The hemihedral form {hkll of the hexakis-octahedron; it is bounded by twenty-four scalene triangles and is the general form of the class. Tetrahedra. hedron and Cubes Corresponding to each of these hemihedral forms there is another geometrically similar form, differing, however, not only in orientation, but also in actual crystals In the characters of the faces. Thus from the octahedron there may be derived two tetrahedra with the indices {1111 and { Y I I I, which may be distinguished as positive and negative respectively. Fig. 30 shows a combination of Tetrahedron, Cube and Rhombic Tetrahedron and Rhombic Dodecahedron. Dodecahedron. these two tetrahedra, and represents a crystal of blende
bright and smooth. Figs
Tetrahedrite
blende
pharmacosiderite
PYRITOHEDRALl CLASS (Parallel-faced hemihedral; Dyakis-dodecahedral). Crystals of this class possess three cubic planes of symmetry but no dodecahedral planes. There are only three dyad axes of symmetry, which coincide with the crystallographic axes; in addition there are three triad axes and a centre of symmetry. Here the cube, octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, triakis-octahedron and icositetrahedron are geometrically the same as in the first class. The characters of the faces will, however, be different; thus the cube faces will be striated parallel to one edge only (fig. 89), Pentagonal Dodecahedron. Dyakis-dodecahedron. and triangular markings on the octahedron faces will be placed obliquely to the edges. The remaining simple forms are " hemihedral with parallel faces," and from the corresponding holohedral forms two hemihedral forms, a positive and a negative, may be derived. Pentagonal dodecahedron (fig. 34). This is bounded by twelve pentagonal faces, but these are not regular pentagons, and the angles over the three sets of different edges are different. The regular dodecahedron of geometry, contained by twelve regular pentagons, is not a possible form in crystals. The indices are lhkol : as a simple form 12I01is of very common occurrence in pyrites. Dyakis-dodecahedron (fig. 35). This is the hemihedral form of l Named after pyrites, which crystallizes in a typical form of this class. c '576 the hexakis-octahedron and has the indices (hkl) ; it is bounded by twenty-four faces. As a simple form 1321) is met with in pyrites. Combinations ( figs
appearance the regular icosahedron of geometry, but only eight of the faces are equilateral triangles. Cobaltite, smaltite and other sulphides and sulpharsenides of the pyrites group of minerals crystallize in these forms. The alums also belong to this class; from an aqueous solution they crystallize as simple octahedra,PentagonalDodecahedron,Cube Pentagonal Dodecahedron e and Octahedron. 1210 , Dyakisdodecahedron f 1321), and Octahedron d 11111. sometimes with subordinate faces of the cube and rhombic dodecahedron, but from an acid solution as octahedra combined with the pentagonal dodecahedron {210), End of Article: TETRAHEDRAL If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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