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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE |
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TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third) , associations of lay folk in connexion with the Mendicant Orders. The old monastic orders had had attached to their abbeys confraternities of lay men and women, going back in some cases to the 8th century. The Confraternity Book of Durham is extant and embraces some 20,000 names in the course of eight centuries. Emperors and kings and the most illustrious men in church and state were commonly confraters of one or other of the great Benedictine
special
Although something of the kind existed among the Htxmiliati in the 12th century, the institution of Tertiaries arose out of the Franciscan movement
movement
body
Penance "; but later on, when the Friars were called the " First Order " and the nuns the " Second Order," the Order of Penance became the " Third Order of St Francis "whence the name Tertiaries: this threefold division already existed among the Humiliate..In Igor Paul Sabatier published a " Rule of Life of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance," which probably contains, with additions, the substance of the original
Immediately on its establishment
spread with incredible rapidity all over Italy and throughout western Europe, and embraced multitudes of men and women of all ranks from highest to lowest. Everywhere it was connected closely with the First Order, and was under the control of the Friars Minor.In time a tendency set in for members of the Third Order to live together in community, and in this way congregations were formed who took the usual religious vows and lived a fully organized religious life based on the Rule of the Third Order with supplementary regulations. These congregations are the " Regular Tertiaries " as distinguished from the " Secular Tertiaries," who lived in the world, according to the original
There can be little doubt, whatever counter claims may be set up, that the Third Order was one of St Francis' creations, and that his Third Order was the exemplar after which the others were fashioned; but at an early date the other Mendicant Orders formed Third Orders on the same lines, and so there came into being Dominican Tertiaries, and Carmelite, and Augustinian, and Servite, and also Premonstratensian and many others. These followed the same lines of development as the Franciscan Tertiaries, and for the most part divided into the two branches of regular and secular Tertiaries. The Rules of the various Third Orders have proved very adaptable to the needs of modern congregations devoted to active works of charity; and so a great number of teaching and nursing congregations of women belong to one or other of the Third Orders. The Franciscan Third Order has always been the principal one, and it received a great impetus and a renewed vogue from Leo XIII., who in 1883 caused the Rule to be recast and made more suitable for the requirements of devout men and women at the present day. In consequence it is estimated that the number of lay Franciscan Tertiaries now exceeds two millions. End of Article: TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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