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Encyclopedia Britannica

TERNATE

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 647 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE

TERNATE , a small

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

in the Malay Archipelago, off the west

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Halmahera

HALMAHERA [" great land "; also Jilolo or Gilolo]

, in o 48' N., 127 19' E. It is nearly circular in form, with an area of about 25 sq. m., and consists almost entirely of a remarkable volcano (5400 ft.) formed of three superimposed cones. Frequent destructive eruptions have occurred. On the

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

is the small town of Ternate, which, in spite' of its good harbour, carried on no considerable trade or shipping, and has only 3000 inhabitants. But it is the headquarters of the Dutch residency of Ternate, which exercises authority over the area of the ancient kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore. The residency consists of the following groups of islands: the

Halmahera

HALMAHERA [" great land "; also Jilolo or Gilolo]

group, the Bachian and the Obi group, the Sula Islands, the islands near the western half of New

Guinea

GUINEA

(Gebeh, Vaigeu, Salawati, Misol, collectively called the Papuan Islands), the western half of New

Guinea

GUINEA

as far as 141 E., with the islands in Geelvink Gulf on the north

coast

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

of New Guinea (Schouten Islands, Yapen, &c.), along with others on the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

coast. To this residency also belong the state of Banggai in

East

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

Celebes, and the Banggai Islands. The residency stretches from 20 43' N. to 5 45' S., and 121 to 1410 E., with an area of 155,800 sq. m. The Dutch government exercises direct authority only over parts of Ternate, Halmahera, Bachian and Obi islands. Its

rule

RULE

over the other groups it carries on through the sultans of Ternate and Tidore (q.v.). Both the island and town of Ternate suffer from their isolation, and have never regained the importance they had in former centuries. Pop. of the whole residency (1905) 108,415. The inhabitants are of Malay race and Mahommedans in religion. The breaking up of the old government of the Moluccas tended to make Ternate perhaps the most important Dutch-Indian political centre of the archipelago

east

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

of Celebes. Nominally the sultan is still ruler, but virtually his powers were greatly curtailed by his conventions with the Dutch-Indian government, under which he surrendered, with the concurrence of his grandees, many of his former rights to the Dutch

resident

RESIDENT

, who became the de facto

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of the easternmost colonial possessions of Holland, especially since the transfer of Dutch New Guinea in 'cool. Among the rights surrendered by the sultan of Ternate to the Dutch were those of granting monopolies and mining concessions, now vested in the Dutch

resident

RESIDENT

. The island of Bachian is worked by a kind of chartered company. For surrendered rights and privileges the sultan and his grandees
received monetary compensations in the shape of annual subventions, and these also have been paid for the losses formerly incurred by the wilful destruction of the nutmeg plantations, carried out in order to enhance the value of this commodity and monopolize its cultivation. The restrictions on nutmeg-growing have long since been removed, and many plantations, with free labour, have been started in Ternate since 1885. It is a curious fact that Christianity has declined in Ternate in modern '`mes, though it was an early stronghold and the number of Europeans settled there has materially increased.

End of Article: TERNATE

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