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Encyclopedia Britannica



TELEOLOGY (Gr. Taos, end)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 542 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE
TELEOLOGY (Gr. Taos, end) , in philosophy and theology, strictly that branch of study which considers " final causes " as real principles of explanation, i.e. which explains things as existing solely as pre-requisites of the results which they produce. More commonly the
term
  is applied to the
doctrine
  that the universe as a whole has been planned on a definite
design
 , or at least that it tends towards some end. The
term
  has been used very loosely, and its meaning has changed considerably. The root
idea
  arises from the
analogy
  of the acts of human beings which are observed to have certain purposes: hence it was natural to assume that the whole sum of existence with its amazing complexity and its orderly progress can be explained only on the assumption of a similar plan devised by a conscious agent. Such a view is essential to any theistic view of the universe which postulates God as the Creator, omniscient and all-good. The
modern
  theory of
evolution
 , on the other hand, has reintroduced a scientific teleology of another type. This is discussed, from the biologist's point of view, in the
article
 
ZOOLOGY
 . Teleology, in this narrower sense, as the study of the adaptation of organic structures to the service of the organisms in which they occur, was completely revolutionized by Darwinism and the research founded on it.


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