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Encyclopedia Britannica



TCHERNAIEV, MIKHAIL GREGORJOVICH (18281898)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 475 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TAV-THE
TCHERNAIEV, MIKHAIL GREGORJOVICH (18281898) , Russian general, a member of a noble family, was born on the 24th of October 1828. Educated at the Nicholas Staff College, he entered the army in 1847, and distinguished himself in the Crimean war and in the Caucasus. After serving as divisional
chief
  of the staff in Poland, he went to Orenburg in 1858 as assistant to the
commander
  of the line of the Syr-Darya, and the following year commanded an expedition to support the Kirghiz tribes on the borders of the Sea of
Aral
  against the Khivans. He did duty on the staff of the army of the Caucasus for a time, and returned to Orenburg as
chief
  of the staff. In 1864, having reached the rank of major-general, he made his famous
march
  with r000 men across the steppes of Turkestan to Chimkent in
Khokand
 , to meet another Russian column from Semipalatinsk, in Siberia, in conjunction with which he successfully stormed Chimkent, and then unsuccessfully attacked Tashkent, 8o miles farther
south
 . Wintering at Chimkent, he captured Tashkent the following year. This was contrary to his instructions, and although he was received in St
Petersburg
  with enthusiasm, and presented with a sword of honour by the emperor, he was not again employed in the military service, and retired from it in July 1874. He bought, and edited with
great
  success, the Russkiy Mir in Slavonic interests, devoting himself to the Panslavic idea. In the summer of 1876 he was appointed
commander
 -in-chief of the Servian army, but on entering Turkey was driven back by Osman Pasha, who followed him into Servia, defeating him at Zayechar and Yavor in July, and the campaign in Servia proved disastrous. He rashly proclaimed
Milan
  king of Servia in September, and in October Aleksinats and Deligrad were in the hands of the Turks, and the road open to Belgrade. An armistice was concluded, and Tchernaiev resigned his command. In 1877 he visited Austria in connexion with his propaganda, but was expelled, and lived for a time in France. In 1879 he organized a Bulgarian rising, but was arrested at Adrianople and sent back to Russia. He succeeded Kaufmann' (q.v.) as
governor
  of Turkestan in 1882, but his aggressive policy led to his recall two years later, when he was appointed a member of the council of war at St Peters-burg. In 1886 his opposition to the Central Asian Military railway caused him to lose his seat in the council. He died on the 16th of August 1898, at his country seat in the province of Mogilev.


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