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Encyclopedia Britannica



TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR (1100-1171)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 386 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV
TAM, JACOB BEN MEIR (1100-1171) , a grandson of
Rashi
  (q.v.), was the most famous French glossator (tosafist) on the text of the
Talmud
 . In 1147 he was attacked and injured by a disorderly band who had attached themselves to the Crusaders. He escaped to the neighbouring
Troyes
 , where about 116o was held the first of the Jewish Synods, for which the Rhinelands became celebrated. At this meeting it was laid down that disputes between Jew and Jew were not to be carried to a Christian court, but were to be settled by fraternal arbitration. New conditions of life had arisen owing to the closer terms on which
Jews
  and Christians lived, and Jacob Tam was foremost in settling the terms which were to govern the relations, from the Jewish side. Many others of his
practical
  ordinances (Takkanoth), connected with
marriage
  and divorce, trade and proselytism, as well as with
synagogue
  ritual, had abiding influence, and
bear
  invariably the stamp of enlightened independence within the limits of recognized authoritative tradition and law. Of his legal
work
  the most important was collected in his Sefer ha-yashar. He was also a poet and grammarian.
See
Gross
 , Gallia Judaica (index) ; M. Schloessinger in Jewish Encyclopedia, vii. 36-39. (I. A.)


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