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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV |
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TALMA, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1763-1826) , French actor, was born in Paris on the 15th of January 1763. His father, a dentist there, and afterwards in London, gave him a good English education, and he returned to Paris, where for a year and a half he practised dentistry. His predilection for the stage was cultivated in private theatricals, and on the 21st of November 1787 he made his debut at the Comedie Frangaise as Seide in Voltaire's Mahomet. His efforts from the first won approval, but for a considerable time he only obtained secondary parts. It was as the jeune premier that he first came prominently into notice, ferred to a strip of parchment, or teller's bill; this was then thrown down a pipe into the tally-court, a large room directly under the teller's office. In the tally-court were officers of the clerk of the "pelts"1 and of the auditor as representing the chamberlain of the exchequer. The teller's bill was then entered in the introitus or receipt-book by the officer of the clerk of the pells, and in another book, called the bill of the day, by the auditor's clerk. A tally was then made of the teller's bill, and it was given on application, generally on the following day. to the person paying in the money. At the end of the day, the bill of the day was passed on to the clerk of the cash-book, by whom all the day's receipts were entered (see the " Great
The practice of issuing wooden tallies was ordered to be discontinued by an act of 1782; this act came into force on the death of the last of the chamberlains in 1826. The returned tallies were stored in the room which had formerly been the Star
1 So called from the pelts or sheepskins (Lat. pellis, skin) on which the records were written. The clerk of the pelts was originally the private clerk of the treasurer. His duty was to keep separate records of all monies entering and leaving the exchequer. These records were kept on two rolls, the pellis introitus, or pelts receipt roll, and the pellis exitus, or pells issue roll. The office gradually became a sinecure, its duties being discharged by deputy. Previously to 1783 the salary of the office was derived from fees and percentages, but in that year parliament settled the salary at 1500 a year. The office was abolished in 1834.and he attained only gradually to his unrivalled position as the exponent of strong and concentrated passion. Talma was among the earliest advocates
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as the Theatre de la Republique, on the site of the present Theatre Francais. Here he won his greatest triumphs. Further development in costume and make-up was shown in his stage portrait of Jean Jacques Rousseau (1790), pronounced a wonderful likeness in Le journaliste des ombres. In 18or he divorced his wife, and in 1802 married Charlotte Vanhove, an actress of the Comedic Francaise. He made his last appearance on the firth of June 1826 as Charles VI. in Delaville's tragedy, and he died in Paris on the 19th of October of that year. Talma was the author of Memaires de Lekain, precedes de reflexions sur eel acteur et sur fart thedtral, contributed to the Collection des memoires sur l'art dramatique, and published separately (1856) as Reflexions de Talma sur Lekain et l'art thedtral. See Menzoires de F. J. Talnza, ecri-ts par lui-meme, et recueillis et mis en ordee sur les papiers de sa famille, by Alex. Dumas (185o). End of Article: TALMA, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1763-1826) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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