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Encyclopedia Britannica



TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " tally " and the French taille, q.v.)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 372 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV
TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " tally " and the French taille, q.v.) , a
special
  tax in England paid by cities, boroughs and royal demesnes. The word, variously interpreted as a part " cut of " from the property taxed, or as derived from the tally (q.v.), first appears in the reign of
Henry
  II. as a synonym for the auxilium burgi, which was an occasional payment exacted by king and barons over and above the annual firma burgi from burgage tenants, since all boroughs after the Norman Conquest came to be regarded as in some lord's demesne. The tax displaced the
Danegeld so far as the towns and demesne lands of the Crown were concerned in the second half of the 12th century, and gradually the barons were deprived of the right of tallaging their respective demesnes without royal authorization. The
imposition
  of
tallage
  continued under the immediate successors of
Henry
  II.; the barons failed to secure its prohibition or even limitation at Runnymede, and Henry III. levied it frequently. The amount to be paid was determined during this time by officials of the exchequer in
special
  fiscal circuits through separate negotiations with the various tax-paying communities, the towns usually raising their quota by means of a capitation or poll tax. Its
imposition
  practically ceased by 1283 in favour of a general grant made in
parliament
 , and the king's retention of
tallage
  seemed particularly unnecessary and illogical after burgesses were summoned to
parliament
 . The
opinion
  used to be held that tallage was forbidden by the Confirmatio car-/arum, but the Latin version of that document which bears the title De tallagio non concedendo, although cited as a
statute
  in the preamble to the
Petition
  of Right in 1627 and in a judicial decision of 1637, was merely a chronicler's summary of the purposes of the official French document, which did not mention tallage by name. After 1297, however, there were only three levies of the tax: one by Edward I. in 1304; again in 1312 by Edward II. despite the protests of London and Bristol; and finally in 1332, when Edward III. encountered such opposition from parliament that he withdrew the commissions and accepted in its place a grant of a tenth-and-fifteenth. The last time that the king granted leave to the barons to tallage their demesnes was in 1305. The second
statute
  of 1340 formally enacted that the nation should thenceforth not " make any common aid or sustain charge," including tallage, without consent of parliament.
See William
Stubbs
 , Constitutional History of England, vol. i. sect. 161, vol. ii. sect. 275; D. J. Medley, English Constitutional History, 3rd ed. (London, 1902); Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, vol. i., 2nd ed. ; S. J. Low and F. S. Pulling, Dictionary of English History.


End of Article: TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " tally " and the French taille, q.v.)


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