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Encyclopedia Britannica



SZEKLERS, or SZEKELS (Szekely, Lat. Siculi)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 320 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV
SZEKLERS, or SZEKELS (Szekely, Lat. Siculi) , a Finno-Ugrian
people of Transylvania, akin to the
Magyars
 . They form a
compact mass of rather more than 450,000, extending from
near Kronstadt on the
south
  to Maros-Vasarhely and Gyerg6
St Mikl6s on the north. Their origin is unknown and has been the subject of much learned debate. Their own ancient tradition affirms their descent from Attila's Huns. According to
Procopius
  (De belle gothico, iv. 18) 3000 Huns entered Transylvania (Erdeleu, i.e. the Magyar Erdely) after their defeat "calling themselves, not Hungarians, but Zekul," and the
Szeklers
  were the descendants of the Huns who stayed in Transylvania till the return of their kinsmen under Arpad; the
anonymous
  scribe of King
Bela
  speaks of them as " formerly Attila's folk." Von Rethy (Ung. Rev. vii. 812) suggests that they were originally a band of Black Ugrian who sought
refuge
  in Transylvania after their defeat by the Pechenegs.
Timon
 , however (Magyar Alkotmhny es Jogtortenet, p. 75), points out that their language proves that their separation from the main Magyar stock must have taken place after the Magyar tongue had been fully developed (see also Hunfalvy, Magyarorszdg Ethnographidja, 200). According to another theory they were
Magyars
  transplanted by St Ladislaus to Transylvania in order to form a permanent frontier guard. Some such origin would, indeed, seem to be implied by the name Szekel, if this be derived, as Czetneki surmises (" Die Szeklerfrage," Ung. Rev. i. 411428), from szek, seat, i.e. an administrative
district
  (cf. the Stuhl of the Transylvanian
Saxons
 ); Szekely would thus mean simply "frontier-guards."


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