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Encyclopedia Britannica



SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 292 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV
SYNAGOGUE, UNITED , an organization of London Jews, founded, with the sanction of an act of
parliament
 , in 187o. It is confined, in its direct
work
 , to the metropolis, but it exercises, indirectly, considerable influence over the Jews of the British Empire. It is governed by an elected council representing the constituent congregations. In religious and ritual matters it is under the
jurisdiction
  of the
chief
 
rabbi
 , who is, to a certain extent, recognized throughout the empire. The president of the United
Synagogue
  in 1910 was Lord Rothschild. Besides providing the
worship
  of some twenty congregations, the United
Synagogue
  directs and supports educational and charitable
work
 . The title "
chief
 
rabbi
  " is not found in the pre-expulsion records, though, before the Jews were banished in 1290, there was an official named " presbyter omniuin Judaeorum Angliae." The functions of this official cannot be proved to have been ecclesiastical. The title " chief rabbi " has become well known through the eminence of
recent
  occupants of the position such as Solomon Hirschell (17621842). He was succeeded by Dr Nathan Marcus Adler (18031890), who was followed by his son, Hermann Adler, who raised the position to one of much dignity and importance. Dr Hermann Adler was born in Hanover in 1839, graduated at
Leipzig
 , and received honorary degrees from Scotch and English universities, including
Oxford
 . In 1909 he received the order of M.V.O. Dr Adler was elected chief rabbi in 1891. Besides several essays in the Nineteenth Century, Dr Adler has written extensively on topics of Anglo-Jewish History and published two volumes of sermons. (I. A.)


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