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Encyclopedia Britannica



SYMPHONIA (Gr. o-vcfrmvla)

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 289 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV
SYMPHONIA (Gr. o-vcfrmvla) , a much discussed word, applied at different times (1) to the bagpipe, (2) to the drum, (3) to the hurdy-gurdy, and finally (4) to a
kind
  of clavichord. The
sixth
  of the musical
instruments
  enumerated in Dan. iii. 5, 10, 15, erroneously translated " dulcimer," in all
probability
  refers to the bagpipe (q.v.).
Symphonia
 , signifying drum, occurs in the writings of Isidor of
Seville
 . " Tympanum est pellis vel corium ligno ex una parte extentum. Est enim pars media symphoniae in similitudinem cribri. Tympanum autem dictum quod
medium
  est. Unde, et margaritum
medium
  tympanum dicitur, et ipsum ut
symphonia
  ad virgulam percutitur." The reference comparing the tympanum (kettledrum) to half a pearl is borrowed from Pliny (Nat. hist. IX. 35, 23). Symphonia or Chifonie was applied during the 13th and 14th centuries, in the Latin countries more especially, to the hurdy-gurdy. Symphonia is applied by Praetorius' to an
instrument
  which he classed with the clavichord,
spinet
 , regals and
virginal
 , but without giving any clue to its distinctive characteristics. (K. S.)


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