SWEET POTATO

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 224 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV

SWEET POTATO . This plant, known botanically as Ipomaea batatas (formerly as Convolvulus batatas), and a member of the natural order Convolvulaceae, is generally cultivated in most tropical countries for the sake of its tuberous root, which is an article of diet greatly in request. It is a climbing perennial with entire or palmately-lobed leaves very variable in shape borne on slender twining stems. The

flowers

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

are borne on long stalks in loose clusters or cymes, and have a white or rosy funnel-shaped corolla like that of the common bindweed of English hedges. The edible portion is the root, which dilates into large club-shaped masses filled with

starch

STARCH

. It is ill suited to the climate of the United Kingdom, but in tropical countries it is as valuable as the potato is in higher latitudes. The plant is not known in a truly wild state, nor has its origin been ascertained. A. de Candolle concludes that it is in all probability of American origin, where it has been cultivated from pre-historic times by the aborigines. It is mentioned by Gerard as the " potato," or " potatus " or " potades," in contra-distinction to the " potatoes " of Virginia (Solanum tuberosum). He grew it in his garden, but the climate was not warm enough to allow it to flower, and in winter it perished and rotted. But as the appellation " common " is applied to them the roots must have been introduced commonly, Gerard tells us he bought those that he planted at " the Exchange in London," and he gives an interesting account of the uses to which they were put, the manner in which they were prepared as " sweetmeats," and the invigorating properties assigned to them. The allusions in the Merry Wives of Windsor and other of Shakespeare's plays in all probability refer to this plant, and not to what we now

call

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

the " potato." The plants require a warm sunny climate, long season, and a liberal

supply

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

of water during the growing season. For an account of the cultivation in North America, where large quantities are grown in the Southern states, see L. H. Bailey, Cyclopaedia of American Horticulture (1902). Sir George

Watt

WATT, JAMES (1736-1819)

, Dictionary of the Economic Products of India (189o), gives an account of its cultivation in India, where some confusion has arisen by the use of the name batatas for the yam (q.v.); the author suggests that the introduction of the sweet potato into India is comparatively

recent

RECENT

.
SWEET-SOP, or Sugar Apple, botanical name Anona squamosa, a small tree or shrub with thin oblong-ovate leaves, solitary greenish

flowers

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

and a yellowish-green fruit, like a shortened pine

cone

CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

in shape with a tubercle corresponding to each of the carpels from the aggregation of which it has been formed. The fruit is 3 to 4 in. in

diameter

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

and contains a sweet creamy-yellow custard-like pulp. It is a native of the West Indies and tropical America; it is much prized as a fruit, and has been widely introduced into the eastern hemisphere.
Another species, A. muricala, is the sour-sop, a small ever-green tree bearing a larger dark-green fruit, 6 to 8 in. long and r to 5 lb in weight, oblong or bluntly conical in shape, with a rough spiny skin and containing a soft white juicy sub-acid pulp with a flavour of turpentine. It is a popular fruit in the West Indies, where it is native, and is grown with

special

SPECIAL

excellence in

Porto

PORTO

Rico. A drink is made from the juice. A. reticulata is the custard apple (q.v.) and A. palustris the alligator apple.

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