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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SUS-TAV |
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SUSSEX, EARLS OF . The early history of the earldom of Sussex, a title that has been borne at different periods by several English families, is involved in some obscurity, owing to the fact that under the Norman kings the titles of earls were often indifferently derived from a county, from its chief
earl
earl
On the other hand G. E. Cockayne (Complete Peerage, i. 138, 139) holds that Roger de Montgomery, who received grants from William the Conqueror of a large part of the county of Sussex, including the city of Chichester and the castle and honour of Arundel, besides lands in Shropshire with the castles of Shrewsbury and Montgomery, but who does not appear to have had " the third penny " of any county, " was an earl pure and simple, and that, as was usual in those early times, his earldom was indifferently styled either from the territories of Chichester or of Shropshire, or from the castles of Arundel, Shrewsbury or Montgomery." This Roger de Montgomery was considered by Dugdale, a 17th-century authority, to have been earl of Sussex. Whatever Roger's titles may have been, they were forfeited to the Crown when his son Robert was attainted in sloe, and the forfeited estates were conferred by Henry I. on his second wife Adelicia, who after Henry's death married William de Albini, or d'Aubigny. The latter was created earl of Sussex by King Stephen, and " the third penny " of that county was confirmed to him by an instrument of the reign of Henry II., in which however, he is styled earl of Arundel, a designation by which he was more generally known. His grandson William, 3rd earl of Sussex, was one" of King John's sureties for the observance of Magna Carta; and the earldom remained in his family till 1243, when it reverted to the Crown on the death of Hugh de Albini, 5th earl of the line (see ARUNDEL, EARLS or). This Hugh married Isabel, daughter of William de Warenne, earl of Surrey, who survived him by nearly forty years, during which time she held the estates of the earldom of Sussex in dower; after her death in 1282 her brother John de Warenne, earl of Surrey,was in various writs described as " earl of Surrey and Sussex," the same style being also used by his grandson and successor, another John de Warenne (1286-1347), though it is not clear that either of these Warennes had any right, to the Sussex title, the confusion having, perhaps arisen through both counties being under the jurisdiction of one sheriff. In any case the earldom of Sussex, if vested in the younger Warenne, reverted to the Crown on his death without legitimate issue in 1347, when his estates devolved on his nephew Richard . Fitzalan, earl of Arundel. Since the death of the last earl of the de Albini line in 1243 the earldoms of Arundel and Sussex had been separate. For nearly two hundred years, from 1347 to 1529, the title of earl of Sussex did not exist in the English peerage. In 1529, however, it was conferred on Robert Radcliffe, Radclyffe or Ratclyffe (c.14831542), who had been made Viscount Fitzwalter in 1525. Radcliffe was a son of John Radcliffe, Baron Fitzwalter (c. 14521496), and a grandson of Sir John Radcliffe of Attleborough in Norfolk, who became Baron Fitzwalter by right of his wife Elizabeth. The younger John Radcliffe shared in the conspiracy of Perkin Warbeck and was beheaded for high treason in 1496. The attainder being reversed in 15o6, his son Robert became Baron Fitzwalter in x 5o6 and was soon a prominent person at the court of Henry VIII. In 1529 he was created earl of Sussex and in 1540 he was appointed great chamberlain of England. He died on the 26th of November 1542, when his son Henry (c. 15061557) became the 2nd earl. Henry's son, Thomas Radcliffe (see below), became the 3rd earl. Thomas was succeeded in 1583 by his brother Henry (c. 15301593) who served Elizabeth in Ireland. His son Robert (c. 15691629) the 5th earl, was a soldier and a patron of men of letters. When Robert's son, Edward, the 6th earl (c. 1552-1641), died, the title became extinct, but the barony of Fitzwalter passed to the family of Mildmay, which held it until 1756, when it fell into abeyance. In 1644 Thomas Savile (c. 1590c. 1659), son of John Savile, 1st Baron Savile of Pontefract (15661630), was created earl of Sussex. Having been elected to the House
interest
Hall
Hall
was next conferred in 1717 on Talbot Yelverton, and Viscount de Longueville and 16th Baron Grey de Ruthyn (c. 1692-1731), from whom it descended to his two sons successively, becoming once more extinct on the death of the younger of these, Henry, 3rd earl of Sussex of this creation, in 1799. In 18o, Prince Augustus
sixth
Augustus
House
Cecilia
The older title of earl of Sussex was revived in 1874 when it was conferred upon Prince Albert, the third son of Queen Victoria, who at the same time was created duke of Connaught and Strathearn. See G. E. C., Complete Peerage, s.v. " Sussex," " Surrey," " Arun-del," vols. i. and vii. (London, 1887-1896) ; Sir William Dugdale, The Baronage of England (London, 1675). For the earls of the Radcliffe family see also John Strype, Memorials of Thomas Cranmer (London, 1694), Annals of the Reformation (London, 1725), and Ecclesiastical Memorials (3 vols., London, 1721); P. F. Tytler
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