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Encyclopedia Britannica



SURMA, or BARAK

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 136 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: STE-SUS
SURMA, or BARAK , a river of Assam, India. It is one of the two
chief
  rivers of the province, watering the southern valley as the Brahmaputra waters the northern and larger valley. It rises in the Barail range to the north of Manipur, its sources being among the southern spurs of Japvo. Thence its course is
south
  with a slight westerly bearing, through the Manipur hills to British territory. The name of Barak is given to the upper
part
  of the river, in Manipur and
Cachar
 . A short distance below Badarpur in
Cachar
  it divides into two branches. One of these, which passes
Sylhet
 , is called Surma. The other is called Kusiara till it subdivides into (a) a branch called Bibiana or Kalni, which joins the Surma near Ajmiriganj, and (b) a branch which resumes the name of Barak and joins the Surma near Habiganj. At Bhairab Bazar in Mymensingh the Surma unites with the old Brahmaputra and becomes known as the Meghna. The river is navigable by steamers as far as
Silchar
  in the rains.
Total
  length about 56o m.
The SURMA VALLEY AND HILL DISTRICTS DIVISION IS a division of the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. It includes the five districts of
Sylhet
  Cachar, Lushai hills, Naga hills, and Khasi and Jaintia hills, with a
total
  area of 25,481 sq. m. and a
population
  in 1901 of 3,084,527.


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