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Encyclopedia Britannica



SUMBUL, or SUMBAL

This article appears in Volume V26, Page 75 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: STE-SUS
SUMBUL, or SUMBAL , also called Musk Root, a drug occasion-ally employed in European medical practice. It consists of the root of Ferula sumbul, Hook., a tall Umbelliferous plant found in the north of
Bokhara
 , its range apparently extending beyond the Amur. It was first brought to
Russia
  in 1535 as a substitute for musk; and in 1867 was introduced into the British pharmacopoeia. The root as found in commerce consists of transverse sections an inch or more in thickness and from 1 to 3 or more inches in
diameter
 . It has a dark thin papery bark, a spongy texture, and the cut surface is marbled with white and blackish or
pale
  brown; it has a musky odour and a bitter aromatic
taste
 . The action and uses of the drug are the same as those of asafetida (q.v.) It owes its medicinal properties to a resin and an essential oil. Of the former it contains about 9% and of the latter a %. The resin is soluble in ether and has a musky smell, which is not fully developed until after contact with water.
Under the name of
East
  Indian sumbul, the root of Dorema ammoniacum, Don., has occasionally been offered in English cornmerce. It is of a browner hue, has the
taste
  of ammoniacum, and gives a much darker tincture than the genuine drug; it is thus easily detected. The name " sumbal " (a word of Arabic origin,signifying a spike or ear) is applied to several fragrant roots in the
East
 , the
principal
  being Nardostachys.jatamansi, D.C. (see SPIKENARD). West
African
  sumbul is the root of a species of Cyperus.


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