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Encyclopedia Britannica



STIGAND (d. 1072)

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 917 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: STE-SUS
STIGAND (d. 1072) , archbishop of Canterbury, is first mentioned in 1020. He was then chaplain to Canute and afterwards to his son, Harold Harefoot, and after the death of the former king appears to have acted as the
chief
  adviser of his widow, Emma. In 1043 he was consecrated bishop of Elmham and in 1047 was translated to Winchester; he supported
Earl
  Godwine in his quarrel with Edward the Confessor, and in 1052 arranged the peace between the
earl
  and the king. In this year the arch-bishop of Canterbury, Robert of Jumieges, having been outlawed and driven from England, Stigand was appointed to the arch-bishopric; but, regarding Robert as the rightful archbishop, Pope Leo IX. and his, two successors refused to recognize him. In 1058, however, Benedict X. gave him the
pall
 , but this pope was deposed in the following year. Stigand is said by Norman writers to have crowned Harold in January 1066; but it is now probable that this ceremony was performed by
Aldred
 , arch-bishop of
York
 . Stigand submitted to William, and assisted at his coronation. But the Conqueror was anxious to get rid of him, although he took him in his
train
  to Normandy in 1067. In 1070 he was deposed by the papal legates and was imprisoned at Winchester, where he died, probably on the 22nd of February 1072. Stigand was an avaricious man and a great pluralist, holding the bishopric of Winchester after he became archbishop of Canterbury, in addition to several abbeys.
See E. A. Freeman, The Norman Conquest (187o-1876), vols. ii., iii. and iv.; and J. R. Green, The Conquest of England (1899), vol. ii.


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