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Encyclopedia Britannica



STATES OF THE CHURCH, or PAPAL STATES (Ital. Stato della Chiesa, Stato Pontifico, Stato Romano, Stato Ecclesiastico Fr. bats de l'Eglise, Pontifical Souverain de Rome, &c.; Ger. Kirchenstaat; in ecclesiastical Latin often Patrimonium Sancti Petri)

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 806 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SOU-STE
STATES OF THE CHURCH, or PAPAL STATES (Ital. Stato della Chiesa, Stato Pontifico, Stato Romano, Stato Ecclesiastico Fr. bats de l'Eglise, Pontifical Souverain de Rome, &c.; Ger. Kirchenstaat; in ecclesiastical Latin often Patrimonium Sancti Petri) , that portion of central Italy which, previous to the unification of the kingdom, was under the direct government of the see of Rome. The territory stood in 1859 as in the annexed table.
With the exception of
Benevento
 , surrounded by the Neapolitan province of Principato Ulteriore, and the small state of Pontecorvo, enclosed within the Terra di Lavoro, the States of the Church formed a compact territory, bounded on the N.W. by the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, on the N.E. by the Adriatic, on the S.E. by the kingdom of Naples, on the S.W. by the Mediterranean, and on the W. by the grand-duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena. On the Adriatic the coast extended 140 M. from the mouth of the Tronto (Truentus) to the southern mouth of the Po, and on the Tyrrhenian Sea 130 M. from 41 20' to 42 22' N. lat.
Area in Population
English sq. m. in 1853.
Comarca of Rome 1752.8 326,509
Bologna . 1359.2 375,631
. . . .
N Ferrara 1094'0 244,524
Forli 718.8 218,433
Ravenna 701.5 175,994
co Urbino, with
Pesaro
  1414.6 257,751
Velletri
  571.3 62,013
Ancona 441.8 176, 519
Macerata 895.o 243,104
Camerino 320.0 42,991
Fermo 335'7 110,321 .
c Ascoli . . 476.3 91,916
2, Perugia 1555'5 234,533
e Spoleto 1175'9 135,029
Rieti eto 531'7 73,683
Q Viterbo .. . . . . . 1158.9 128,324
Orvieto . . 316.6 29,047
Civita Vecchia 380.0 20,701
Frosinone, with Pontecorvo 739'9 154,559
Benevento
  . . . . 61.3 23,176
16,0008 3,124,758
The divisions shown above were adopted on the 21st of December 1827, the legations being ruled by a cardinal and the delegations by a prelate. Previously the several districts formally recognized were Latium, the Marittima (or sea-board) and Campagna, the patrimony of Saint Peter, the duchy of Castro, the Orvietano, the Sabina, Umbria, the Perugino, the March of Ancona, Romagna, the Bolognese, the Ferrarese, and the duchies of Benevento and of Pontecorvo. The former papal territories are now comprised within the Italian provinces of Bologna, Ferrara, Forli, Ravenna,
Pesaro
  and Urbino, Ancona, Macerata, Ascoli-Piceno, Perugia, Rome and Benevento.
The question of the origin of the territorial jurisdiction of the pope is treated under PAPACY. With the moral and ecclesiastical decay of the papacy in the 9th and loth centuries much of its territorial authority slipped from its grasp; and by the middle of the 11th century its
rule
  was not recognized beyond Rome and the immediate vicinity. By the treaty of Sutri (February 1 111) Paschal II. was compelled by the emperor
Henry
  V. to surrender all the possessions and royalties of the Church; but this treaty was soon afterwards repudiated, and by the will of Matilda, countess of Tuscany, the papal see was enabled to lay claim to new territories
of
great
  value. By the capitulation of Neuss (1201) the emperor Otto IV. recognized the papal authority over the whole
tract
  from Radicofani in Tuscany to the pass of Ceperano on the Neapolitan frontierthe exarchate of Ravenna, the Pentapolis, the March of Ancona, the bishopric of Spoleto, Matilda's personal estates, and the countship of Brittenoro; but a good deal of the territory thus described remained for centuries an object of ambition only on the part of the popes. The actual annexation of Ravenna, Ancona, Bologna, Ferrara, &c.,
dates
  from the 16th century. The States of the Church were of course submerged for a time by the ground-swell of the French Revolution, but they appeared again in 1814. In 1849 they received a constitution. On the formation of the kingdom of Italy in 186o they were reduced to the Comarca of Rome, the legation of
Velletri
 , and the three delegations of Viterbo, Civita Vecchia and Frosinone; and in 187o they disappeared from the political map of Europe. See ITALY: History.


End of Article: STATES OF THE CHURCH, or PAPAL STATES (Ital. Stato della Chiesa, Stato Pontifico, Stato Romano, Stato Ecclesiastico Fr. bats de l'Eglise, Pontifical Souverain de Rome, &c.; Ger. Kirchenstaat; in ecclesiastical Latin often Patrimonium Sancti Petri)


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