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Encyclopedia Britannica



STANDARD

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 772 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SOU-STE
STANDARD , a.
term
  with three main meanings: (I) an
ensign
  or flag; (2) a fixed
weight
 , measure, value or quality established by law or customarily recognized as a unit of comparison by which the correctness of others can be determined; (3) an upright or
standing
  object, such as a large candelabrum, or, particularly, a fruit-tree which stands without support. With regard to the derivation, the word which appears in most European languages, e.g. Du. standaard, Ger. Standarte, O. Fr. estandart, estendard, mod. etendard, Ital. stendale, stendardo, &c., is to be referred to the Teut. standan, to stand, and refers to the fixed
pole
  to which an object or a
pole
  was attached. The " standard " as a military
ensign
  was properly stationary and served as the
signal
  of the position of its owner on the ordered field of battle. The O. Fr. form estendard points to the influence of Lat. extendere, to spread out, extend, of the flag when hung upon the pole (see further FLAG for the various meanings of the word and its history). The use of the
term
  for a recognized unit of comparison is due probably to the fact that it is something fixed or set up,
stable
 , and not to any fanciful reference to the ensign or flag as the object to which one turns as a rallying-point. For the standard weights and
measures
  see WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES
  and STANDARDS DEPARTMENT below. There are many other standards, such as electrical standards (see ELECTRICITY), standard solutions in
chemistry
  (q.v.) for the purpose of volumetric
analysis
 , &c. In engineering, the component parts of machines or other structures are " standardized " in accordance with agreed measurements. For " standard time " see TIME, STANDARD.


End of Article: STANDARD


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