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Encyclopedia Britannica



SPEETON BEDS

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 633 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SOU-STE
SPEETON BEDS , in English geology, a
series
  of clays well exposed at Speeton, near Filey on the Yorkshire
coast
 . Peculiar
interest
  attaches to these beds for they are the
principal
  representatives in Britain of the marine phase of the Lower Cretaceous
system
 . The Speeton Clays pass downwards without break into the underlying Kimeridgian; they are capped by the Red Chalk, which may be regarded as the equivalent of the Upper Gault of southern England. These beds thus form a passage
series
  between marine Jurassic strata and those belonging undoubtedly to the Cretaceous
system
 ; in this way they correspond with the Purbeck-
Wealden
  rocks, which form a connecting link between estuarine Jurassic and Cretaceous strata.
Above the dark, bituminous, nodular shales with Kimeridge fossils at the base of the Speeton Clay comes the zone of Belemnites lateralis (34 ft.), with Olcostephanus gravesiformis, 0. rotula, and species of Hoplites and Oxynoticeras; this is followed by the zone of Belemnites jaculum, with B. cristatus, Olcostephanus (Astieria) astieri, O. (Simbirskites) inversus and 0. (S.) Speetonensis in ascending order; Echinospatagus cordiformis, a species found' in the typical Neocomian area, also occurs in this zone. The next higher zone is that of Belemnites brunsvicensis ( = semicanaliculatus) (loo ft.), with B. Speetonensis, Hoplites deshayesii, and Amaltheus bicurvatus. The topmost zone is characterized by Belemnites minima with Inoceramus concentricus and I. sulcatus; it consists of a few feet of mottled clays. It appears, therefore, that while the lower portions of the Speeton Clay are the equivalents of the
Wealden
  and perhaps of the Purbeck beds, the higher portions are the equivalents of the Lower
Greensand
  and part of the Gault. In Lincolnshire the upper Speeton beds are represented by the Carstone and Tealby Lime-stone and Clay, and the lower Speeton by the Claxby Ironstone, Spilsby
Sandstone
  and lower part of the Tealby clay. A similar faunal horizon is recognized in Heligoland and
Russia
 .
See CRETACEOUS; NEOCOMIAN; KIMERIDGIAN; also G. W. Lamplugh, Q.J.G.S. (1889), xlv. (1896), Hi.; Rep. Brit. Assoc. (189o); A. Pavlow and G. W. Lamplugh,
Bull
 . soc. imp. nat. Moscow (1891), and Q.J.G.S, (1897), liii.


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