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Encyclopedia Britannica



SPADE

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 526 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SOU-STE
SPADE , a tool for digging and loosening the soil; together with the fork it forms one of the
chief
  implements wielded by the hand in agriculture and horticulture. Its typical shape is a broad flat blade of iron with a
sharp
  lower edge, straight or curved, the upper edge on either side of the handle affording space for the foot of the digger, which drives it into the ground; the wooden handle terminates in a
cross
 -piece, usually forming a kind of loop for the hand. The word in O.Eng. is spaedu, cognate forms being Du., Swed. and Dan. spade, Ger. Spaten; it is derived from the Gr. vrraBrl, a broad blade of
wood
  or metal, and so used of the blade of an oar or sword. This was latinized as spatha, and used of a broad paddle for stirring liquid, of a piece of
wood
  used by weavers for driving home the woof, and particularly of a broad two-edged sword without a point. The Spanish playing cards had " swords " for the suit which we know as " spades," and the suit was called espada (see CARDS, PLAYING).


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