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Encyclopedia Britannica



SOUTHERN ZONE

This article appears in Volume V14, Page 270 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SIV-SOU
SOUTHERN ZONE .The boundaries of this
zone
  have been indicated in the description of the equatorial
zone
 ; they over-lap the southern boundaries of the latter in
South
  Australia and
South
  America, but we have not the means of defining the limits to which southern types extend northwards. This zone includes
Tasmania
 , with at least a portion of south-eastern Australia (Tasmanian sub-region), New Zealand and the Auckland Islands (New Zealand sub-region), and Chile, Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands (Fuegian sub-region). No
freshwater
  fishes are known from Kerguelen's
Land
 , or from islands beyond 55 S. lat.
The Tropical American region is the richest (about 1300 species) ; next follow the
African
  region (about r000), the Indian region (about 800), the Europaeo-Asiatic region (about 500), the
North
  American region (about 400), the Tropical Pacific region (about 6o) ; whilst the Antarctic region is quite insignificant.
Of the migratory fishes, or fishes travelling regularly from the sea to fresh waters, most, if not all, were derived from marine forms. The anadromous forms, annually or periodically ascending rivers for the purpose of spawning, such as several species of Acipenser, Salmo, Coregonus, Clupea (shads), and Petromyzon, are only known from the northern hemisphere, whilst the catadromous forms, spending most of their
life
  in fresh water but resorting to the sea to breed, such as Anguilla, some species of Mugil, Galaxias and Pleuronectes, have representatives in both hemispheres. (G. A. B.)


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