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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SIV-SOU |
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SONATA (From Ital. sonare, to sound) , in music, originally merely a piece " played " as opposed to " cantata," a piece sung, though the term is said to have been applied once or twice to a vocal composition. By the time of Corelli two polyphonic types of sonata were established, the sonata da chiesa and the sonata da camera. The sonata da chiesa, generally for one or more violins and bass, consisted normally of a slow introduction, a loosely fugued allegro, a cantabile slow movement
scheme , however, is not very clearly defined, until the works of Bach and Handel, when it becomes the sonata par excellence and persists as a tradition of Italian violin music even into the early loth century in the works of Boccherini.The sonata da camera consisted almost entirely of idealized dance-tunes. By the time of Bach and Handel it had, on the one hand, become entirely separate from the sonata, and was known as the suite, partita, ordre or (when it had a prelude in the form of a French opera-overture) the overture. On the other hand, the features of sonata da chiesa and sonata da camera became freely intermixed. But Bach, who does not use those titles, yet keeps the two types so distinct that they can be recognized by style and form. Thus, in his six solo violin sonatas, Nos. 1, 3 and 5 are sonate de chiesa, and Nos. 2, 4 and 6 are called partitas, but are admissible among the sonatas as being sonate da camera. The sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti (q.v.) are a special
Great
' A movement
design , or at least not merely introductory; and within such limits as either to contain no radical change of pace or else to treat changes of pace in a simple and symmetrical alternation of episodes. The first complete movement of a sonata seldom leads without break to the others, except in modern examples; but the later movements are often connected.the newly published slow movements, the normal Scarlatti sonata is that which the concert;-player popularizes; fireworks in binary form, with a perfunctory opening, a crowd of pregnant ideas in the complementary key, and, after the double
Clementi
The sonata in its main classical significance is a work
instruments
scheme ; the last movement in the same key as the first; each movement normally in one tempo, complete in design , independent from the other movements in themes, but aptly related to them in key and style; and constructed in the SONATA FORMS (q.v.).Though, since the time of Bach (when trios were called sonatas), the term is not applied to works for more than two instruments
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