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Encyclopedia Britannica

SOLO, OR SOLO WHIST

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 362 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SIV-SOU

SOLO, OR SOLO WHIST , a card

game

GAME

which is a modification of

whist

WHIST

, the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

distinctive feature being that a single player generally has to oppose the other three. The

game

GAME

came into vogue in England towards the end of the 19th

century

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

. The following " declarations " can be made, the order being important: (r) proposition; (2) acceptance; (3)

solo

SOLO, OR SOLO WHIST

; (4) misfire; (5) abondance (or abundance); (6) misfire ouverte; (7) abondance dcclaree (declared abundance). Proposition and acceptance go together, as will be seen; of the rest "

solo

SOLO, OR SOLO WHIST

" can be declared over " proposition," misfire over solo, and so on. The stakesregarding sixpence as the unit--are: for proposition, sixpence; for solo, sixpence (sometimes a shilling); for misfire, a shilling; for abundance, eighteenpence; for open misfire, two shillings; for declared abundance, three shillings. A further stake may be arranged for " overtricks," to be paid to the player for every

trick

TRICK

made above the number proposed, and for " undertricks," to be paid by the player for every

trick

TRICK

below that number.
A full

pack

is used; players cut as at

whist

WHIST

for deal and seats; the

cards

CARDS, PLAYING

may be dealt singly, but are more commonly dealt by threes, with a single card for the last round. The last card is turned up and left exposed for a round, whether it is used for trumps or not. One deal constitutes a game. The

laws

LAWS

of whist obtain, where applicable, in such matters as following suit, revoking, the passing of the deal, &c. The player on the dealer's left is first to declare or pass: if he proposes, any player may accept, the right going first to the player on his left, but any player when his turn comes may make a higher declaration than any that has gone before him, though a player whose

call

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

has been superseded may amend his

call

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

afterwards. If all the players pass, either there is a new deal, or by arrangement there is a general misfire, when the player who takes the most trickssometimes, the last trickpays a single stake all round.
The Declarations.-(1) Proposal: This is an invitation to another player to " accept," i.e. to join the proposer in an attempt to make eight tricks. (2) Solo: Here a player undertakes to win five tricks, playing against the other three in combination. (3) Misfire: This is a declaration by a player that he will not win a single trick. There are no trumps, but the turn-up card is left exposed for the first round. If the caller wins a trick the game is at an end (there are no overtricks or undertricks), but he has a right to see the opponents' hands, to be sure that no revoke has been made. A trick that has been turned may not be seen afterwards. (4) Abundance is a declaration that a player will make nine tricks single-handed. The caller makes any suit trumps, but abundance in the turn-up suit takes precedence over abundance in other suits. The trump suit must be declared after the other players have passed, before the first round is played. (5) Misfire ouverte: This call is a declaration to lose all thirteen tricks, but after the first trick the caller's

cards

CARDS, PLAYING

are placed on the table, though he may play them as he pleases. (6) Declared Abundance: This is a declaration of the caller to make all thirteen tricks by his own hand. He makes his own trumps and always leads, but a declaration in the suit of the turn-up card takes precedence over others. The game ends when the caller loses a trick. There are no under-tricks.

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