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Encyclopedia Britannica



SOLFATARA

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 360 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SIV-SOU
SOLFATARA , a volcanic vent emitting vapours chiefly of sulphurous
character
 , whence the name, from the Italian solfo (
sulphur
 ). The typical example is the famous Solfatara, near Puzzuoli, in the Phlegraean
Fields
 , west of Naples. This is an old crater which has not been in active eruption since A.D. 1198, but which is continuously exhaling heated vapours, chiefly hydrogen sulphide,
sulphur
  dioxide and steam. These issue from orifices in the crust, on the walls of which are yellow incrustations of sublimed sulphur, sometimes
orange
 -red by association with arsenic sulphide, whilst the trachytic rocks of the
volcano
  are bleached and corroded by the effluent vapours, with formation of such products as
gypsum
  and alum. Sal ammoniac occurs among the sublimates. The
term
  solfatara has been extended to all dormant volcanoes of this type; and a
'
volcano
  which has ceased to emit
lava
  or ashes but still evolves heated vapours, is said to have passed into the " solfataric stage." Examples are to be found in many. volcanic districts. By
French
  geologists the
term
  soufriere is used instead of the Italian solfatara. (See VOLCANOES.)


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