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Encyclopedia Britannica



SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)

This article appears in Volume V25, Page 260 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SIV-SOU
SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893) , Confederate general in the American Civil War, was the son of Joseph Lee
Smith
  (17761846), an American lawyer and soldier, who served with credit in the War of 1812 and rose to the rank of colonel U.S.A. His elder brother, Ephraim Kirby
Smith
  (18071847), also a soldier, fell at Molino del Rey; and Joseph Lee Kirby Smith, Ephraim's son, who took the Federal side in the Civil War, was mortally wounded at the battle of Corinth, having at the age of twenty-six attained the rank of brevet-colonel U.S.A. Edmund Kirby Smith was born at St Augustine, Fla., on the 16th of May 1824, and graduated at West Point in 1845, being assigned to the infantry. In the Mexican War he was breveted first lieutenant, and captain for gallantry at Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo and at Contreras-Churubusco. He was assistant professor of mathematics at West Point from 1849 to 1852 and was later engaged in Indian warfare on the
Texas
  frontier. In 1861 he attained the rank of major. When Florida seceded he resigned his army commission and entered the Confederate service as a lieutenant-colonel. He was made a brigadier-general on the 17th of June 1861, and was wounded at the battle of
Bull
  Run (q.v.). In command of the Confederate forces in the Cumber-land Gap region Kirby Smith took part in General
Bragg
 's invasion of Kentucky in the autumn of 1862, and inflicted upon the Federal forces a severe defeat at Richmond, Ky., on the 3oth of August; and was present at the battles of Perryville and
Murfreesboro
  (Stone River). From February 1863 to the fall of the Confederacy he was in command of the trans-Mississippi department, and was successful in making this section of the Confederacy (isolated from, the rest by the fall of Vicksburg) self-supporting. He instituted a regular system of blockade-running, and met and defeated the Red River expedition under


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