SHOREHAM

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 1004 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SHA-SIV

SHOREHAM , a seaport in the Lewes parliamentary division of Sussex, England, near the mouth of the river Adur, 6 m. W. of Brighton on the London, Brighton & South Coast railway. Pop. of urban

district

DISTRICT

of New Shoreham (1901), 3839. The town is sometimes known as New Shoreham, in distinction from the

village

VILLAGE

of Old Shoreham, a mile up the river, which was the former port. The church of St Mary the Virgin lacks almost the entire

nave

NAVE

, but the remainder shows fine

work

WORK

ranging from Norman to Early English. Of no less

interest

INTEREST

is the church of St Nicholas, Old Shoreham, a cruciform Norman structure retaining some remarkable early woodwork. There are public gardens containing a museum and theatre. The trade of the small port is chiefly in coal, corn and timber. Shipbuilding is also carried on. The important public boys' school of St Nicholas, Lancing, near Shoreham, is part of a wide

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

which within Sussex includes the middle-class school at Hurstpierpoint, that for sons of tradesmen, &c., at St Saviour's, Ardingly, and the girls' school of St Michael's,

Bognor

BOGNOR

. The

scheme

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

was originated by the Rev. N. Woodward in 1849.
It seems probable that soon after the Conquest the increasing prosperity of New Shoreham (Soresham, Sorham, Schorham) resulted in the decay of Old Shoreham, and that the borough grew up within the former. Shoreham owed its early importance to the natural harbour formed by the river Adur. In the time of the Confessor it was held by Azor of the king, but in ro66 was among the lands granted to William de Braose. From here Charles II. escaped to Fecamp after the battle of Worcester, 1651. It became a port of

great

GREAT

consequence in the 13th and 14th centuries, but in the 15th and following centuries was much reduced, doubtless owing to the encroachment of the sea. The port revived during the reign of George III., when acts were passed for securing and improving the harbour. Shoreham was called a borough in 1236. In 1308 there was a mayor, and the " mayor and bailiffs of Shoreham " are mentioned in a Close Roll of 1346, but no charter of incorporation is known. The town adopted the Local Government Act of 1858 in 1866. It returned two members to parliament from 1295 until it was disfranchised in 1885. In the reign of Edward I., William de Braose held at Shoreham by prescriptive right weekly markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and a two-days'

fair

FAIR

at the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. In 1792 the market-day was Saturday and a

fair

FAIR

was held on the 25th of July, but these are not now held. Ship-building has always been the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

industry, and was largely carried on in the 13th and 14th centuries.

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