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Encyclopedia Britannica



SHOGUN (Japanese for " generalissimo ")

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 995 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SHA-SIV
SHOGUN (Japanese for " generalissimo ") , in Japan, originally merely the style of a general in command in the field, a
title
  which only gradually came into existence at the beginning of the 8th
century
 , the mikado himself having previously been regarded as the only authority. The rise of a military class and of shoguns (generals) was a development coincident with the division of supremacy between the Minamoto and Taira clans (see JAPAN: History). In 1192 the emperor Takahira made the Minamoto
leader
 , Yoritomo, a Sei-i-tai-
shogun
  (" barbarian-subjugating generalissimo ") or general-in-
chief
 , and this
office
  became stereotyped in the hands of successive
great
  military leaders, till in 1603 Lyeyasu Tokugawa became
shogun
  and established the Tokugawa dynasty in power. The shogunate from that time till 1867 exercised the de facto
sovereignty
  in Japan, though in theory subordinate to the mikado. The revolution of 1867 swept away and abolished the shogunate and restored the mikado's supreme authority.
The
term
  " Tycoon,'" which was commonly used by foreigners in the 19th
century
 , is merely a synonym for shogun, being the
English
  rendering of the Japanese taiko or taikun, "
great
  lord."


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