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Encyclopedia Britannica



SHAMYL (c. 1797-1871)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 799 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SHAMYL (c. 1797-1871) , the
leader
  of the tribes of the Caucasus in the war against
Russia
 . He was born about 1797 and, educated by the
Mullah
  Djemaleddin, soon took a leading
part
  in preaching a holy war against the Russians. He was both the spiritual and military
leader
  of the tribes, who maintained the struggle for twenty-five years (1834-1859). This perpetual guerrilla was a severe strain upon the resources of the
great
  power, and Shamyl's romantic fight for independence, making him a sort of ally of England and France at the time of the Crimean War (1853-55), earned him a European reputation. But the capacity of the tribes for resistance was already failing, and when at the close of the Crimean War
Russia
  was able to employ large forces on the Caucasus, the defenders were gradually subdued, Shamyl himself being captured in 1859. The restof his
life
  was spent in an easy captivity at Kaluga, St
Petersburg
  and Kiev. He died at Mecca during a
pilgrimage
  in 1871. One
of his sons took service in the
Russian
 , the other in the Turkish army.


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