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Encyclopedia Britannica



SHAMANISM

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 798 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SHAMANISM , the name commonly given to the
religion
  of the Ural-Altaic peoples. Properly speaking, however, there is nothing to distinguish Shamanism from the religions of other peoples in a similar stage of culture. On the other hand, the shaman or priest (Tungus saman, Altain Turk
kama
 , cf.
Russian
  kamlanie) performs duties which differ in some respects from those of the
ordinary
  magician; one of his
main
  functions is to protect individuals from hostile supernatural
influence
 . He deals both with good and bad
spirits
 ; he also performs sacrifices and procures oracles. The drum (tungur) is an important
instrument
  in his ceremonies; it may be assumed that in many cases the effect of the preliminary performances is to induce autohypnotic phenomena. The shaman's
office
  is held to be hereditary and his
chief
  assistants are ancestral
spirits
 .
See Radloff, Aus Sibirien, ii. ; C. de Harlez,
Religion
  nationale des Tatares orientaux; Hiekisch, " Die Tungusen," Mitt. der anthropologischen Gesellschaft, Wien, xviii. 165-182; Revue de l'histoire des religions, xl. 321, idyl 51.


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