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Encyclopedia Britannica



SHAFT (O. Eng., sceaft, from scafan, to shave; the word is common to Teutonic languages)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 760 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SHAFT (O. Eng., sceaft, from scafan, to shave; the word is common to Teutonic languages) , any slender, smoothed rod or stick, and so first used of the
body
  of an arrow or spear to which the head is attached; hence the word is applied to the handle of a
tool
 , and to the pair of bars between which a horse is harnessed to a vehicle, and in machinery to connecting bars or rods conveying power from one
part
  of a
machine
  to another. It is also applied to an opening sunk in the ground for mining or other purposes (see
SHAFT
 -SINKING). This use is probably due to the use of Ger. Schacht, a variant of schaft. In architecture the
term
  "
shaft
  " is applied to the
body
  of a column between the
capital
  and the base. In Romanesque
work
  shafts are occasionally octagonal, and are sometimes ornamented with the zigzag or chevron, or fluted vertically or in spirals; the most beautiful examples of the latter being found in the cloisters of St John Lateran and at St Paul's outside the walls at Rome, where they are enriched with mosaics. Perhaps the earliest ornamented shafts are those of the
Parthian
  Palace, now the mosque, at Diarbekr in
Mesopotamia
 .


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