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Encyclopedia Britannica



SEVERN TUNNEL (4 M. 281 chains in length)

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 409 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SEVERN TUNNEL (4 M. 281 chains in length) .
Percentage of
Wear
  per annum.
lb per yard Down line, outside and quite clear of tunnel, % per annum.
Bristol end, gradient falling t in loo . . . 0.280=0240 Up line, outside and quite clear of tunnel,
Newport
  end, gradient falling I in 90 0440=0"390
At Bristol mouth, gradient falling I in too I 200 = I "020 33 chains from Bristol mouth, gradient falling
I in too 2.160=1.860 3 m. 751 chains from Bristol mouth, gradient
rising I in 90 1.900 =1.630
At
Newport
  mouth 0310=0.270
Down and up line under main-
shaft
  level 3200=2.750
It will be seen that the maximum
wear
  and corrosion together reached the extraordinary
weight
  of 21 lb per yard of rail per yeara very serious amount that involved
great
  expenditure The wear occurred over the whole of the rail, but the top, over which the
engine
  and
train
  passed, wore at a greater rate, presumably on account of the surface being kept
bright
  and the gases being able to act on it. The
Great
  Western Company tried the experiment in the Severn tunnel of
boxing
  up the rails, so that the ballast approached their surface within 1 in. or 11 in. It was found, however, thatin the case, at any rate, of the limestone ballast-the cure was almost worse than the disease, the result being a maximum wear of 21 lb and an
average
  wear of just under 2 lb per yard of rail per year. The
average
  on the open line would be about 0.25 lb in the same time.
See Proc. Inst. Cie. Eng.; also works on tunnelling by Drinker, Simms, Stauffer and Prelini, and on tunnel shields, &c., by Copperthwaite. (H. A. C.)


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