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Encyclopedia Britannica



SEQUANI

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 658 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SEQUANI , in ancient geography, a Celtic people who occupied the upper basin of the Arar (Saone), their territory corresponding to Franche-Comte and part of
Burgundy
 . Before the arrival of Caesar in Gaul, the .Sequani had taken the part of the
Arverni
  against their rivals the
Aedui
  and hired the Germans under Ariovistus to
cross
  the Rhine and help them (71 B.C.). But although his assistance enabled them to defeat the
Aedui
 , the Sequani were worse off than before, for Ariovistus deprived them of a third of their territory and threatened to take another third. The Sequani then appealed to Caesar, who drove back the Germans (58), but at the same time obliged the Sequani to surrender all that they had gained from the Aedui. This so exasperated the Sequani that they joined in the revolt of Vercingetorix (52) and shared in the defeat at Alesia. Under
Augustus
 , the
district
  known as Sequania formed part of Belgica. After the death of
Vitellius
 , the inhabitants refused to join the Gallic revolt against Rome instigated by
Julius
  Civilis and
Julius
  Sabinus, and drove back Sabinus, who had invaded their territory. A triumphal arch at Vesontio (Besancon), which in return for this service was made a colony, possibly commemorates this victory. Diocletian added Helvetia, and part of Germania Superior to Sequania, which was now called Provincia
maxima
  Sequanorum, Vesontio receiving the title of Metropolis civitas Vesontiensium. Fifty years later Gaul was overrun by the barbarians, and Vesontio sacked (355) Under Julian it recovered some of its importance as a fortified town, and was able to withstand the attacks of the Vandals. Later, when Rome was no longer able to afford
protection
  to the inhabitants of Gaul, the Sequani became merged in the newly formed kingdom of
Burgundy
 .
See T. R. Holmes, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul (1899), p. 483; A. Holder, Altceltischer Sprachschatz, ii. (1904); Mommsen, Hilt. of Rome (Eng. trans.), bk. v. ch. vii.; Dunod de Charnage, His'. des Sequanois (1735) ; J. D. Schopflin, Alsatia illustrata, i. (1751; French trans. by L. W. Ravenez, 1849)


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