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Encyclopedia Britannica



SENONES

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 648 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SENONES , in ancient geography, a Celtic people of Gallia Celtica, who in Caesar's time inhabited the
district
  which now includes the departments of Seine-et-Marne, Loiret and
Yonne
 . From 5351 B.C. they were engaged in hostilities with Caesar, brought about by their expulsion of Cavarinus, whom he had appointed their king. In the last-named year a Senonian named Drappes threatened the Provincia, but was captured and starved
himself to death. From this time the Gallic Senones disappear from history. In later times they were included in Gallia Lugdunensis. Their
chief
  towns were Agedincum (later Senones, whence Sens), Metiosedum (Melun; according to A. Holder,
Meudon), and Vellaunodunum (site uncertain).
See Caesar, Bell. Gall. v. 54, vii. 75, viii. 30, 44; T. R. Holmes, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul (1899), pp. 482-483, 755-766, 819; A. Holder, Altceltischer Sprachschatz, ii. (1904).
More important historically was a branch of the above (called lbaaves, Senones, by
Polybius
 ), who about 400 B.C. made their way over the Alps and, having driven out the Umbrians, settled on the
east
 
coast
  of Italy from Ariminum to Ancona, in the so-called ager Gallicus, and founded the town of Sena Gallica (Sinigaglia), which became their
capital
 . In 391 they invaded Etruria and besieged
Clusium
 . The Clusines appealed to Rome, whose intervention, accompanied by a violation of the law of nations, led to war, the defeat of the Romans at the
Allia
  (18th of July 390) and the capture of Rome. For more than too years the Senones were engaged in hostilities with the Romans, until they were finally subdued (283) by P. Cornelius Dolabella and driven out of their territory. Nothing more is heard of them in Italy. It, is probable that they formed part of the bands of Gauls who spread themselves over the countries by the Danube, Macedonia and Asia
Minor
 . A Roman colony was established at Sena, called Sena Gallica to distinguish it from Sena Julia
(Siena) in Etruria.
For ancient authorities see A. Holder as above; on the subjugation of the Senones by the Romans, Mommsen, Hist. of Rome (Eng. trans.), bk. ii. ch. vii.


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