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Encyclopedia Britannica



SEMINOLE (properly Simanoli, " renegade," " runaway," in allusion to their secession from the Creek confederacy)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 616 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SEMINOLE (properly Simanoli, " renegade," " runaway," in allusion to their secession from the Creek confederacy) , a tribe of North American Indians of Muskhogean stock. They originally formed
part
  of the Creek'confederacy, but separated from it early in the 18th
century
 , and occupied the greater
part
  of Florida. In 18171818' their attacks on the Georgian and
Alabama
  settlements resulted in the invasion of their territory by General Andrew Jackson, who defeated them and hanged two British traders, named
Arbuthnot
  and Ambrister, who were alleged to be the instigators of the raids. The
long
  Seminole War of 1835-42, the hardest-fought of all the Indian wars, was due to the tribe's refusal to cede their lands and remove to
Arkansas
  in accordance with the treaty (see
OSCEOLA
 ) of Payne's Landing (1832). At the close of this struggle, costing thousands of lives and millions of dollars, the Seminoles were removed to
Arkansas
 . They were recognized as " the Seminole Nation," and as one of the " Five Civilized Tribes, " and granted autonomy upon the scale permitted the other four, the
Cherokee
 ,
Chickasaw
 ,
Choctaw
  and Creek. They live now mainly in Oklahoma, and a few in Florida.


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