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Encyclopedia Britannica



SECTION OP WCIR

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 498 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SCY-SHA
SECTION OP WCIR . 69 2.*
The earliest form of shutter weir, known as a
bear
 -trap, intro-
duced in the United States in 1818, and subsequently erected across
the Marne in France, consists of two wooden gates, each
turning on a
horizontal
 
axis
  laid across the apron, inclined
towards one another and abutting together at an
angle
 
in the centre when the weir is closed; the up-stream one serves as
the weir, and the down-stream one forms its support, and both fall
flat upon the apron for opening the weir). This weir is raised by
admitting water under pressure beneath the gates through culverts
in connexion with the upper pool; and is lowered by unfastening
the raised gates and letting the water under them escape into the
lower pool. This old form of
bear
 -trap has been used for closing an
opening 52 ft. wide to provide for the escape of
drift
  at the
Davis
 
Rivers and Canals, p. 132 and
plate
  iv. fig. 15.
Island
  weir across the
Ohio
 . Improvements, however, in the bear-trap have been introduced in the United States, one of the best novel forms being shown in fig. 8, whereby the pass of a weir 8o ft. in width can be readily closed, opened or partially opened under a maximum head of i6 ft. by means of chains worked by a winch.' The shutter weir, introduced on the upper Seine about the middle of the 19th century and subsequently adopted for weirs across several rivers in France, Belgium and the United States, consists of a row of wooden or iron shutters turning on a
horizontal
 
axis
  a little above their centre of pressure, borne by an iron trestle at the back of each shutter, which is hinged to the apron of the weir, and supported when raised by an iron prop resting against an iron shoe fastened on the apron (fig. 9). The weir is opened by releasing the iron props from their shoes, either by a sideways pull of a tripping bar with projecting teeth laid on the apron and worked from the bank,


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