SEBASTIANI, HORACE FRANCOIS BASTIEN, COUNT (17721851)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 567 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SEBASTIANI, HORACE FRANCOIS BASTIEN, COUNT (17721851) French marshal and diplomatist. Of Corsican

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

, he was in his early years banished from his native island during the civil disturbances, and in 1789 he entered the French army. In 1793, as a French lieutenant, he took part in the war in his native island, after which he served in the Army of the Alps. He became chef de brigade in 1799. Attached by

birth

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

and service to the future Emperor

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

, he took part in the Coup d'Etat of 18th Brumaire (9th November 1799). He was present at Marengo in 1800. Sebastian next appears in his first diplomatic post, in Turkey and Egypt (1802). Promoted general of brigade in 1803, he served in 1805 in the first of the

great

GREAT

campaigns of the Empire. His conduct at Austerlitz (2nd December), where he was wounded, won him promotion to the rank of general of division. Sebastiani soon returned to Constantinople as French

Ambassador

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

. As

ambassador

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

he induced the Porte to declare war on Russia, as a soldier he directed with success the defence of Constantinople against the British

squadron

SQUADRON

of Admiral (Sir) J. T. Duckworth. But the deposition of the Sultan Selim III. put an end to French diplomatic success in this quarter, and Sebastiani was recalled in April 1807 (see La Politique orientate de

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

: Sebastiani et

Gardane

GARDANE, CLAUDE MATTHIEU

, by E. Driault, Paris, 1905). He was at this time made Count of the Empire. As the

commander

COMMANDER

of a corps he served in the Peninsular War, but his cavalry genius did not shine in the
566
the teeth as a weapon of defence and deserves the character of ferocity generally attributed to it would appear to be rather questionable. Sea-wolves are inhabit-ants of the northern seas of both hemispheres, one (A. lupus) being common on the coasts of Scandinavia and North Britain, and two in the seas round Iceland and Green-land. Two others
SEAWRACK
laborious and painful operations against the careful English and the ubiquitous guerrilleros. In the more congenial grinds guerre of Russia and Germany he was in his

element

ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

, and at Smolensk, Borodino and

Leipzig

LEIPZIG

he did brilliant service. He accepted the Restoration government in 1814, but rejoined his old leader on his return from Elba. After Waterloo he retired into England for a time, but soon returned, and was placed on half-pay. From 1819 onwards he was a prominent member of the Chamber of Deputies. He held the posts of Minister of Marine, and, later, of Foreign Affairs. In this latter capacity he was the author of the historic saying " Order reigns at Warsaw." In 1832 he was a Minister of State without port-folio, next year ambassador at Naples, and from 1835 to 1840 was ambassador to

Great

GREAT

Britain. On his retirement from this post he was made Marshal of France. He was a -brilliant social figure in Paris. His last years were clouded by the death of his daughter at the hands of her husband, the duc de Praslin. He died at Paris on the 21st of July 1851.
His brother, JEAN ANDRE TIBURCE SEBASTIANI (1786-1871), entered the army in 1806, served in the Peninsula from 1809 to 1811, and in the great campaigns of Russia, Germany, France and Belgium. He took part in the war of Greek independence under General Maison. In 1842, now lieutenant-general and peer of France, he was appointed to command the military division of Paris. But he proved incapable of dealing with the Revolution of 1848, and the remainder of his life was spent in retirement in Corsica.

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