SCHWEIGHAUSER, JOHANN (17421830)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 392 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SCHWEIGHAUSER, JOHANN (17421830) , German classical scholar, was born at Strassburg on the 25th of June 1742. From an early age his favourite subjects were philosophy (especially Scottish moral philosophy as represented by

Hutchinson

and Ferguson) and Oriental languages; Greek and Latin he took up later, and although he owes his reputation to his editions of Greek authors, he was always diffident as to his classical attainments. After visiting Paris, London and the principal cities of Germany, he became assistant professor of philosophy (1770) at Strassburg. When the French Revolution broke out, he was banished; in 1794 he returned, and after the reorganization of the

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

in 1809 was appointed professor of Greek. He resigned his post in 1824, and died on the 19th of January 1830.
His son, JoHANN GOTTFRIED (1776-1844), was also a distinguished scholar and archaeologist,

joint

JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

-author with M. Golbery of Antiquitds de l'

Alsace

ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

(1828).
Schweighauser's first important

work

WORK

was his edition of Appian (1785), with Latin translation and commentary, and an account of the MSS. On Brunck's recommendation, he had collated an Augsburg MS. of Appian for Samuel Musgrave, who was preparing an edition of that author, and after Musgrave's death he felt it a duty to complete it. His

Polybius

POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

, with translation, notes and

special

SPECIAL

lexicon, appeared in 17891795. But his

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

work

WORK

is his edition of Athenaeus (18011807), in fourteen volumes, one of the Bipont editions. His Herodotus (1816; lexicon, 1824) is less successful; he depends too much on earlier editions and inferior MSS., and lacks the finer scholarship necessary in dealing with such an author. Mention may also be made of his Encheiridion of Epictetus and Tabula of Cebes j1798), which appeared at the time when the doctrines of the Stoics were fashionable; the letters of Seneca to Lucilius (1809); corrections and notes to SuIdas (1789); some moral philosophy essays. His

minor

works are collected in his Opuscula academica (18o6).
See monographs by J. G. Dahler, C. L. Cuvier, F. J. Stievenart (all 1830), L. Spach (1868), Ch. Rabany (1884), the two last containing an account of both father and son.

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