SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 346 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY

SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP . The

term

TERM

" scholar," primarily meaning a " learner," is secondarily applied to one who has thoroughly learnt all that " the school " can teach him, one who by early training and constant self-culture has attained a certain maturity in precise and accurate knowledge. Hence the

term

TERM

" scholarship " in the sense of the knowledge or method of a scholar. Similarly " classical scholarship " may be defined as the sum of the mental attainments of a classical scholar. Scholar-ship is sometimes identified with classical learning or erudition; it is more often contrasted with it. The contrast is thus

drawn

DRAWN

Donaldson

in his Classical Scholarship and Classical Learning (1856), and by Mark

Pattison

PATTISON, MARK (1813-1884)

, in his

Essay

ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Oxford

Studies (1855). " I maintain," says

Donaldson

, " that not all learned men are accomplished scholars, though any accomplished scholar may, if he chooses to devote the time to the necessary studies, become a learned man " (p. 149). " It is not a know-ledge," writes Mark

Pattison

PATTISON, MARK (1813-1884)

, " but a discipline, that is required; not science, but the scientific habit; not erudition, but scholar-ship " (Essays, i. 425).
The expression " a scholarship " is also used in England for a money payment made by a school, college or university, as a prize (either for one year or a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of years) to the successful competitors at an examination at which one or more such scholar-

ships

SHIPS

are to be awarded; and the successful candidate is called a " scholar," as the holder of a " scholarship." In this sense the word is almost synonymous with " an exhibition," but the latter is usually considered inferior in merit and dignity, if not in amount.
On the general history of classical scholarship, see CLASSICS:

Greek

GREEK
GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

and Latin.

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