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Encyclopedia Britannica



SCAMMONY

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 287 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY
SCAMMONY , a plant, Convolvulus scammonia (Gr. oKap.wvia), native to the countries of the eastern
part
  of the Mediterranean basin; it grows in bushy
waste
  places, from Syria in the
south
  to the Crimea in the north, its range extending westward to the Greek islands, but not to northern Africa or Italy. It is a twining perennial, bearing
flowers
  like those of Convolvulus arvensis, and having irregularly arrow-shaped leaves and a thick fleshy root. The dried juice, " virgin scammony," obtained by incision of the living root, has been used in
medicine
  as .scammonium,' but the variable quality of the drug has led to the employment
of scammoniae resina, which is obtained from the dried root by digestion with
alcohol
 .
The active principle is the
glucoside
  scammonin or jalapin, C34Hi,6O,e. The dose of scammonium is 5 to lo grains, of scammony
resin
  3 to 8 grains. Like certain other resins, scammony is inert until it has passed from the stomach into the duodenum, where it meets the bile, a chemical reaction occurring between it and the taurocholate and glycocholate of sodium, whereby it is converted into a powerful purgative. Its action is essentially that of a hydragogue, and is exercised upon practically the entire length of the alimentary canal. The drug is not a cholagogue, nor does it markedly affect the muscular coat of the bowel, but it causes a
great
  increase of secretion from the intestinal glands. It acts in about four
hours
 . In large doses it is, of course, a violent gastrointestinal irritant. In consonance with the statement that scammony acts only after admixture with the bile, is the fact that hypodermic or intravenous injection of the drug produces no purgation, or indeed any other result. The drug frequently kills both the round-worm and the tape-worm, especially the former, and is therefore an anthelmintic. It is not largely used, but is very effective in the treatment of severe constipation, especially in children.


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