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Encyclopedia Britannica



SCAMILLI IMPARES (" unequal steps," Fr. escabeaux inegales; Ger. Schutzstege)

This article appears in Volume V24, Page 287 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: SAR-SCY
SCAMILLI IMPARES (" unequal steps," Fr. escabeaux inegales; Ger. Schutzstege) , in architecture, a
term
  quoted by Vitruvius when referring to the rise given to the
stylobate
  in the centre of the front and sides of a
Greek
  temple. His explanation is not clear; he states (iii. 4) that, if set out level, the
stylobate
  would have the
appearance
  of being sunk in the centre, so that it is necessary that there should be an addition by means of small steps (scamilli impares). Ip
book
  v. chap. 9, he again refers to the addition on the stylobate. The interpretation of his meaning by Penrose and other authorities is generally assumed to be the addition which it was necessary to leave on the
lower
  frusta of the Doric column, or on the
lower
  portion of the base of the Ionic column, so as to give them a proper bearing on the curved surface of the stylobate; when levelling ground, however, it is sometimes the custom to fix at intervals small bricks or tiles which are piled up until the upper surfaces of all of them are absolutely level. If, as an alternative, these piles were so arranged as to rise towards the centre, instead of a level a slightly curved surface might be obtained, and the
term
  "unequal steps" would apply to them. This was the
opinion
  of M. Bernouf, a
French
  author, who points out that scamillus is a diminutive of scamnum, a small step (Fr. petit bane), which in some parts of
France
  is employed when levellirg the surface of areas or courts. According to Penrose the rise
of the curved stylobate of the Parthenon had already been obtained in the stereobate carrying it,
long
  before the problem
of bedding the columns on the curve had arisen.


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